musculo-skeltal system

Question 1

What is the main agonist at the elbow joint in the movement from a headstand to a handstand?

Answer 1

Triceps (brachii)

The triceps are responsible for extension at the elbow during this movement.

Question 2

What joint actions occur at the hip and ankle of the take-off leg as a long jumper leaves the board?

Answer 2

• Hip: (Hyper) extension
• Ankle: Plantar flexion

These movements are crucial for effective take-off in long jumping.

Question 3

What are the main agonists working at the knee and ankle during the take-off phase of a long jump?

Answer 3

• Knee: Quadriceps
• Ankle: Gastrocnemius

The quadriceps contract to extend the knee, and the gastrocnemius facilitates plantar flexion.

Question 4

What type of muscle contraction occurs while the gymnast is stationary at position A?

Answer 4

Isometric

Isometric contraction occurs when the muscle is engaged without changing length.

Question 5

What type of muscle contraction occurs during the movement phase to position B for the gymnast?

Answer 5

Isotonic / Concentric

Isotonic contractions involve muscle shortening, contributing to movement.

Question 6

What axis does the movement at the knee joint of the drive leg occur during running?

Answer 6

Transverse axis

The transverse axis is critical for flexion and extension movements at the knee.

Question 7

What is the main agonist causing the movement at the knee joint during running?

Answer 7

Quadriceps / Rectus femoris

The quadriceps are the primary muscles responsible for knee extension during running.

Question 8

What is the joint action taking place at the knee during the drive phase of running?

Answer 8

Extension

The knee extends as the leg drives forward in running.

Question 9

What is the plane and axis around which hip flexion occurs?

Answer 9

• Plane: Sagittal
• Axis: Transverse

Hip flexion is a forward movement occurring in the sagittal plane.

Question 10

What is the joint action at the hip joint during a up phase of a squat?

Answer 10

Extension

The hip extends as the weightlifter rises from the squat position.

Question 11

What is the main agonist at the hip during a squat?

Answer 11

Gluteals / Hamstrings

The gluteus maximus and hamstring muscles are primarily responsible for hip extension.

Question 12

What type of muscle contraction occurs at the hip during the squat movement?

Answer 12

Concentric / Isotonic

The contraction is concentric as the muscle shortens to lift the weight.

Question 13

What are the articulating bones of the knee joint?

Answer 13

• Tibia
• Femur

The tibia and femur are the primary bones forming the knee joint.

Question 14

What joint action occurs at the knee during the kicking movement in football?

Answer 14

Extension

The knee extends as the player kicks the ball.

Question 15

What is the main agonist that causes knee extension during a kick?

Answer 15

Quadriceps / Rectus femoris

The quadriceps are the main muscles responsible for the extension at the knee.

Question 16

What is the joint action at the ankle during running?

Answer 16

Plantar flexion

Plantar flexion occurs as the foot pushes off the ground during running.

Question 17

What is the type of contraction at the ankle during running?

Answer 17

Concentric / Isotonic

The contraction is concentric as the gastrocnemius shortens to elevate the heel.

Question 18

What is the main agonist at the hip during a jump shot in basketball?

Answer 18

Gluteus maximus / Gluteals / Hamstrings

These muscles are responsible for hip extension during the jump shot.

Question 19

What type of isotonic muscle contraction occurs at the hip during a jump shot?

Answer 19

Concentric

The muscle shortens to initiate the jump shot.

Question 20

What joint action occurs at the elbow during a press-up?

Answer 20

Flexion

Flexion occurs as the arms bend to lower the body.

Question 21

What is the main agonist at the elbow during a press-up?

Answer 21

Triceps (brachii)

The triceps are responsible for extending the elbow during the upward phase.

Question 22

What type of isotonic contraction occurs at the elbow during a press-up?

Answer 22

Eccentric

Eccentric contraction occurs as the muscle lengthens under tension.

Question 23

What plane and axis does hip flexion occur?

Answer 23

Sagittal plane and transverse axis

This combination describes the movement pattern for hip flexion.

Question 24

What is the main agonist for elbow flexion?

Answer 24

Biceps (brachii)

The biceps brachii is primarily responsible for flexing the elbow joint.

Question 25

What type of isotonic contraction occurs when a muscle shortens?

Answer 25

Concentric ## Footnote Concentric contractions occur when the muscle shortens while generating force.

Question 26

What type of isotonic contraction occurs when a muscle lengthens?

Answer 26

Eccentric ## Footnote Eccentric contractions occur when the muscle lengthens while still under tension.

Question 27

Identify the joint action occurring at the shoulder joint during a forehand stroke.

Answer 27

Horizontal flexion / horizontal adduction ## Footnote This action involves moving the arm across the body in a horizontal plane.

Question 28

What is the plane and axis of motion for hip flexion during sprinting?

Answer 28

Sagittal plane and longitudinal axis ## Footnote Hip flexion occurs in the sagittal plane, rotating about the longitudinal axis.

Question 29

What is the main agonist muscle during shoulder abduction?

Answer 29

Deltoid ## Footnote The deltoid muscle is responsible for lifting the arm away from the body.

Question 30

Fill in the blank: The type of joint at the shoulder is a _______.

Answer 30

Ball and socket ## Footnote The shoulder joint allows for a wide range of motion due to its ball and socket structure.

Question 31

What joint action occurs at the elbow during a bench press?

Answer 31

Extension ## Footnote The triceps perform an extension of the elbow during the upward phase of a bench press.

Question 32

What happens to the biceps during elbow flexion?

Answer 32

Acts as the agonist / prime mover ## Footnote The biceps brachii contracts to flex the elbow joint.

Question 33

Identify the agonist and joint action at the shoulder when a gymnast is in a crucifix position.

Answer 33

Agonist: Deltoid; Joint action: Abduction ## Footnote The deltoid muscle is primarily responsible for shoulder abduction.

Question 34

What is the plane of motion involved in horizontal adduction at the shoulder?

Answer 34

Transverse plane ## Footnote Horizontal adduction occurs in the transverse plane, moving the arm towards the body.

Question 35

During a press-up, what type of contraction occurs in the triceps during the upward phase?

Answer 35

Concentric contraction ## Footnote The triceps shorten to extend the elbow during the upward phase.

Question 36

What joint action occurs at the knee during kicking a ball?

Answer 36

Extension ## Footnote The quadriceps perform knee extension when kicking a ball.

Question 37

Fill in the blank: The agonist during the downward phase of a press-up is the _______.

Answer 37

Triceps ## Footnote The triceps lengthen to control the descent of the body during a press-up.

Question 38

Which muscles work as antagonistic pairs in elbow flexion?

Answer 38

Biceps brachii and triceps brachii ## Footnote The biceps act as the agonist while the triceps act as the antagonist during flexion.

Question 39

What are the three types of movements possible at the shoulder joint?

Answer 39

* Flexion * Extension * Abduction * Adduction * Horizontal flexion * Horizontal extension * Rotation ## Footnote The shoulder joint allows for a wide range of motion due to its ball and socket structure.

Question 40

What type of joint is the ankle?

Answer 40

Hinge ## Footnote The hinge joint allows for flexion and extension movements at the ankle.

Question 41

What is the main agonist during dorsiflexion at the ankle?

Answer 41

Tibialis anterior ## Footnote The tibialis anterior muscle is responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot.

Question 42

Identify the plane and axis for the joint action of horizontal flexion at the shoulder.

Answer 42

Transverse plane and longitudinal axis ## Footnote Horizontal flexion occurs across the transverse plane and rotates around the longitudinal axis.

Question 43

What is the agonist during elbow flexion?

Answer 43

Biceps brachii ## Footnote The biceps brachii acts as the primary mover during the flexion of the elbow joint.