musculo week 2 vocab terms

Question 1

bone Matrix

Answer 1

organic components: 40% dry weight of bone, collagen, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and phospholipids

Question 2

Bone Types

Answer 2

normal bone is lamellar. immature or pathologic bone is woven, not stress oriented. mature lamellar bone is cortical or cancellous.

Question 3

Cancellous Bone

Answer 3

spongy or trabecular. fractures generally progress at 6 weeks. examples are calcaneus, vertebral body, radius, pelvis, and tibia

Question 4

cortical bone
AKA compact bone

Answer 4

located in the diaphysial portion of long bones
80-9-% of volume is calcium. Makes up80% of skeleton

Question 5

osteoblasts

Answer 5

(Bone formation)
distinct cells that form bone matrix and synthesize type 1 collagen
-large volume of endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria
-responsible for synthesis, deposition and mineralization of bone; derived from bone marrow and pro collagen

Question 6

osteoclasts

Answer 6

(bone resorption)
giant cell multinucleate bone resorption cells
-produce hydrogen ions, which lower the pH environment

Question 7

Woven Bone

Answer 7

structurally immature, fragile, weak
-random disorganized collagen arrangement
-allows strength in all directions, which no preferred strength in one direction
- function is to provide temporary quick acting mechanical support for injured skeletal tissue

Question 8

piezoelectric effect

Answer 8

a negative electrical charge toward the concave side of a force applied. (stimulates osteoblasts)
a n electropositive charge is seen on the tension or convex side (increase osteoclast)

Question 9

remodeling

Answer 9

normal dynamic process of bone synthesis and resorption

Question 10

repair

Answer 10

primary callus forms in 2 weeks. soft callus involving endochondral ossification occurs if fracture is not in continuity. Amount of of callus is indirectly proportional to degree of immobilization. Primary cortical healing occurs with immobilization and near-anatomic reduction.

Question 11

osteocytes

Answer 11

osteoblasts that are embedded within newly formed mineralized bone matrix
-90% of mature skeletal tissue and function metabolically

Question 12

Remodeling

Question 13

Osteomalacia

Answer 13

Poor absorption of calcium that leads to decreased bone mineralization

Question 14

Fracture

Answer 14

any abnormal disruption in the normal anatomic continuity of a bone, an epiphyseal plate, or a cartilaginous joint surface

Question 15

incomplete fracture

Answer 15

hair line or greenstick fractures

Question 16

complete fracture

Answer 16

traverses the bone entirely

Question 17

angiogenesis

Answer 17

physiologic process during healing of bodily tissues which new capillary blood vessels are formed

Question 18

articular cartilage

Answer 18

concentration of collagen, proteoglycans, and wanter, influence tensile forces, compression, shear, and permeability

Question 19

chondrogenesis

Answer 19

intrinsic cartilage repair

Question 20

deep zone

Answer 20

largest part of articular cartilage

Question 21

fibrocartilage

Answer 21

cartilage that naturally makes up meniscus and labrum. made of mostly type 1 collagen

Question 22

hydrophilic

Answer 22

quality of a molecule that causes it to bind to and attract water

Question 23

menisci

Answer 23

semilunar shaped fibrocartilage tissues in the knee that act as a mechanical buffer between the load-bearing surfaces of the tibia and femur