Musculoskeletal

Question 1

What are the mechanisms of the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 1

Mechanisms that facilitate and impair mobility

Question 2

What do the musculoskeletal system oxygenate?

Answer 2

oxygenate of blood to tissues

Question 3

Intracranial is regulated by?

Answer 3

brain, spinal cord, and the peripheral nerves

Question 4

Pain from motion can limit ________

Answer 4

movement

Question 5

What damages joint?

Answer 5

excessive weight gain

Question 6

What causes constipation?

Answer 6

limited mobility

Question 7

What are the synovial joints?

Answer 7

Hinge joint, Ball and socket, Pivot, Condyloid, Saddle, and Gliding

Question 8

What are the movements of a hinge joint?

Answer 8

flexion and extension

Question 9

What are examples of a hinge joint?

Answer 9

elbow joint, interphalangeal joints, and knee joint

Question 10

What are the movements of a ball and socket joint?

Answer 10

Flexion and extension
abduction and adduction
circumduction

Question 11

What are examples of ball and socket?

Answer 11

Shoulder and hip

Question 12

What are the movements of a pivot joint?

Answer 12

rotation

Question 13

What are examples of pivot joints?

Answer 13

Atlas-axis and proximal radioulnar joint

Question 14

What are the movements of a condyloid joint?

Answer 14

Flexion and extension
abduction and adduction
circumduction

Question 15

What are examples of a condyloid joint?

Answer 15

wrist joint (between radial and carpals)

Question 16

What are the movements of a saddle joint?

Answer 16

flexion and extension
abduction and adduction
circumduction
thumb-finger opposition

Question 17

What are examples of a saddle joint?

Answer 17

carpometacarpal joint of thumb

Question 18

Gliding joint

Answer 18

one surface moves over another surface

Question 19

What are examples of a gliding joint?

Answer 19

between tarsal bones, sacroiliac joint, between articular processes of vertebrae, between carpal bones

Question 20

What are you inspecting for on a patient for the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 20

symmetry, muscle mass, joints, gait and posture, and ease of movement

Question 21

What are you palpating for on a patient for the musculoskeletal system?

Answer 21

vertebrae and spinous processes, muscle mass, and joints for temperature, tissue integrity, and shape

Question 22

What is the equipment used for ROM?

Answer 22

goniometer

Question 23

Grade 0 for muscle strength

Answer 23

No evidence of muscle contraction upon palpation; no movement

Question 24

Grade 1 for muscle strength

Answer 24

Flicker of muscle contraction is evident but no motion occurs at the joint; no movement

Question 25

Grade 2 for muscle strength

Answer 25

Client moves body part through a full ROM in a gravity-eliminated plane; free movement

Question 26

Grade 3 for muscle strength

Answer 26

client moves body part through full ROM against gravity with no added resistance; free movement

Question 27

Grade 4 for muscle strength

Answer 27

client moves body part against gravity with moderate resistance; resisted movement

Question 28

Grade 5 for muscle strength

Answer 28

client able to move body part against gravity and with maximum resistance; resisted movement

Question 29

What are some unexpected findings found in musculoskeletal system?

Answer 29

- Asymmetry of extremity length or muscle mass - Inflammation, swelling, redness - Pain or tenderness with palpation or movement - flaccidity, rigidity, or spasticity of muscles - limited range of motion - joint deformity or crepitation

Question 30

What are fractures?

Answer 30

partial or complete break in continuity of a bone

Question 31

If the skin is intact then what kind of fracture is it?

Answer 31

closed fracture

Question 32

If the skin is broken then what kind of fracture is it?

Answer 32

open fracture

Question 33

What are deformity or loss of function caused by in bone fractures?

Answer 33

tissue shortening around bone and localized edema

Question 34

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 34

loss of bone density and decreased bone strength

Question 35

What are the factors of osteoporosis?

Answer 35

- aging - decline of estrogen and relationship to calcium deficit - lack of exercise

Question 36

What are signs of osteoporosis?

Answer 36

- loss of height - have spontaneous fracture from brittle bones - develops kyphosis

Question 37

What is kyphosis?

Answer 37

convex curvature of thoracic spine (humpback)

Question 38

What is osteoarthritis?

Answer 38

degenerative change in articular cartilage

Question 39

What are symptoms of osteoarthritis?

Answer 39

joint edema and aching pain

Question 40

What does osteoarthritis affect?

Answer 40

- affects weight-bearing joints (vertebrae, hips, knees, and ankles); also hands and fingers - affects joint with repetitive movement

Question 41

Where is Heberden's nodes located?

Answer 41

distal interphalangeal joints

Question 42

Where are Bouchard's nodes located?

Answer 42

peripheral interphalangeal joints

Question 43

What is gout?

Answer 43

a hereditary disorder with increase in serum uric acid due to increased production, or decreased excretion of uric acid and urate salts

Question 44

What is the cause of gout?

Answer 44

lack of an enzyme needed to completely metabolize purines for renal excretion

Question 45

What are symptoms of gout?

Answer 45

- erythema and edema of joints - tophi - kidney stones

Question 46

What is tophi?

Answer 46

round, pea-like deposits of uric acid in ear cartilage, or large, irregularly shaped deposits in subcutaneous tissue or other joints

Question 47

What does the kidney stones come from in gout?

Answer 47

uric acid crystals

Question 48

What is scoliosis?

Answer 48

S-shaped deformity of vertebrae

Question 49

What are causes of scoliosis?

Answer 49

- congenital malformations of spine - neuromuscular diseases - traumatic injury - unequal leg length