Musculoskeletal

Question 1

Fat embolism syndrome

Answer 1

Dysapnea
Confusion
Petechia

Question 2

Symptoms of hip fractures

Answer 2

Ecchymosis and tenderness of thigh and hip

Groin and hip pain with weight bearing
Muscle spasms
Shortening of affected extremity

Question 3

Guillain Barre Syndrome

Answer 3

Autoimmune disorder that affects peripheral nerves

Symmetric, ascending muscle weakness
Diminshed deep tendon reflexes
Paresthesias
Back pain
Tachycardia, dysrhythmias, BP changes
Resp failure
NO CURE

Question 4

Mysthenia Gravis

Answer 4

-Autoimmune Disorder
-Antibodies block ACh receptors leading to muscle weakness

Symptoms:
Fluctuating skeletal muscle weakness
Ptosis, diplopia
Dyphagia, dysarthia
Dyspnea
Neck and limb weakness
Fatigue

MG is associated with thymoma = tumor in thymusgland

pyridostigmine
Take med before meal

Myasthenic Crisis:
Impaired swallowing
Difficulty breathing
Risk for resp failure
Give cortecosteroids

Question 5

Osteoporosis

Answer 5

Risk factors:
Over 60
Post menopause
Thin, smaller stature
Smoking
Alcohol

Can lead to Kyphosis

Interventions:
Vitamin D
Calcium
Sun exposure
No smoking or alcohol
Weight bearing exercises

Question 6

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 6

Autoimmune

Symmetrical Joint pain worse in morning
Morning stiffness lasting more than 1 hour
improves w activity

Fatigue, anemia, and weight loss

ESR and Reumatoid factors
NSAIDS, Prednisone, methotraxate, TNF alpha

Acute episodes: Use Splints to prevent deformity

Dont overuse joints
Distribute tasks to multiple joints
Use palm more than fingers
ROM exercises
Alternate hot/cold therapy
Frequent rest

Question 7

Compartment Syndrome

Answer 7

Paresthesia (Tingling, numbness, burning)
Pain
Pallor
Pressure
Pulselessness
Poikothermia (cold)
Paralysis

Place extremity level of heart
Remove cast
Fasciotomy