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Unit 3 Exam Patho > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells

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2
Q

Osteoblasts

A

produce cells

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3
Q

Osteoclasts

A

resorption of bone

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4
Q

Complete Fracture

A

Bone broken, forming separate pieces

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5
Q

Incomplete fracture

A

bone only partially broken

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6
Q

Open(compound) fracture

A

Skin broken

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7
Q

Closed Fracture

A

skin not broken

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8
Q

Pathologic fracture

A

results from weakness in bone structure; occurs w/little stress

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9
Q

Stress fracture

A

(fatigue fractures) result from repeated excessive stress

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10
Q

Process of healing bone

A
  1. Hematomia-fibrin network formed.
  2. Phagocytic cells remove debris
  3. Fibroblasts lay down new collagen fibers
  4. Chondroblasts form new cartilage
  5. Osteoblasts generate new bone
  6. Procallus is replaced by bony callus
  7. Remodleling of bone w/return to use
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11
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

increased pressure of fluid w/in fascia compresses the nerves and blood vessels causing severe pain and ischemia or necrosis of muscle

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12
Q

Sprain

A

tear in a ligament

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13
Q

Strain

A

a tear in a tendon

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14
Q

Avulsion

A

ligaments or tendons completely separated from bony attachments

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15
Q

Osteoporosis-definition

A

decrease in bone mass and density.

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16
Q

Osteoporosis-patho

A

Bone resorption exceeds formation, results in loss of compact bone. Dx w/bone density scans. Can cause compression fractures of vertebrae, wrist or hip. Can lead to kyphosis and scoliosis.

17
Q

Osteoporosis predisposing factors

A

Aging,decreased mobility/sedentary lifestyle, hormonal factors, deficits of Ca, Vit D or protein, cigarette smoking, small light bone structure, excessive caffeine intake

18
Q

Tx osteoporosis

A

Meds, exercising, treat underlying conditions.

19
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Bone infection caused by bacteria or fungi. S/Sx local inflammation and bone pain, fever and excessive sweating, chills, general malaise. Tx antibiotics or surgery

20
Q

Lordosis

A

swayback

21
Q

Kyphosis

A

hunchback

22
Q

scoliosis

A

S or C shaped

23
Q

Tumors

A

Common site of secondary tumors from breast, lung or prostate

24
Q

Osteosarcoma

A

Common primary neoplasm of bone. Occurs in shaft of long bones of leg

25
Q

MD-muscular dystrophy

A

Degeneration of skeletal muscle over time

26
Q

MD S/Sx

A

Weakness in pelvic girdle, waddling gait, difficulty climbing stairs, gower maneuver, tendon reflexes reduced, deformities develop, respiratory infections common, cardiac myopathy occurs commonly

27
Q

MD Dx tests

A

ID of common genetic abnormalities, elevated creatine kinase levels, electromyography, muscle biopsy, blood tests shows abnormal dystrophin levels

28
Q

MD Tx

A

no cure-moderate exercise to maintain motor fx, supportive appliances, OT to maximize function and adaption, ventilator

29
Q

Primary fibromyalgia Syndrome

A

Pain and stiffness affecting muscles, tendons and surrounding soft tissue, 18 specific tender or trigger points, no obvious inflammation and severe fatigue, stress and/or depression may be present. cause unknown

30
Q

Primary fibromyalgia Syndrome Tx

A

stress avoidance or reduction, regular exercise in morning, pace activity and rest as needed, local applications of heat or massage as needed, NSAIDS, low doses of antidepressants

31
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

degenerative wear and tear joint disease. Associated w/obesity and aging, may be result of increased weight-bearing or lifting. Incidence increasing

32
Q

Osteoarthritis patho

A

articular cartilage is damaged, surface of cartilage becomes rough and worn, tissue damage causes release of enzymes from the cells accelerating disintegration of cartilage

Unit 3 Exam Patho (3 decks)

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