Musculoskeletal

Question 1

Osteocytes

Answer 1

Mature bone cells

Question 2

Osteoblasts

Answer 2

produce cells

Question 3

Osteoclasts

Answer 3

resorption of bone

Question 4

Complete Fracture

Answer 4

Bone broken, forming separate pieces

Question 5

Incomplete fracture

Answer 5

bone only partially broken

Question 6

Open(compound) fracture

Answer 6

Skin broken

Question 7

Closed Fracture

Answer 7

skin not broken

Question 8

Pathologic fracture

Answer 8

results from weakness in bone structure; occurs w/little stress

Question 9

Stress fracture

Answer 9

(fatigue fractures) result from repeated excessive stress

Question 10

Process of healing bone

Answer 10

1. Hematomia-fibrin network formed.
2. Phagocytic cells remove debris
3. Fibroblasts lay down new collagen fibers
4. Chondroblasts form new cartilage
5. Osteoblasts generate new bone
6. Procallus is replaced by bony callus
7. Remodleling of bone w/return to use

Question 11

Compartment syndrome

Answer 11

increased pressure of fluid w/in fascia compresses the nerves and blood vessels causing severe pain and ischemia or necrosis of muscle

Question 12

Sprain

Answer 12

tear in a ligament

Question 13

Strain

Answer 13

a tear in a tendon

Question 14

Avulsion

Answer 14

ligaments or tendons completely separated from bony attachments

Question 15

Osteoporosis-definition

Answer 15

decrease in bone mass and density.

Question 16

Osteoporosis-patho

Answer 16

Bone resorption exceeds formation, results in loss of compact bone. Dx w/bone density scans. Can cause compression fractures of vertebrae, wrist or hip. Can lead to kyphosis and scoliosis.

Question 17

Osteoporosis predisposing factors

Answer 17

Aging,decreased mobility/sedentary lifestyle, hormonal factors, deficits of Ca, Vit D or protein, cigarette smoking, small light bone structure, excessive caffeine intake

Question 18

Tx osteoporosis

Answer 18

Meds, exercising, treat underlying conditions.

Question 19

Osteomyelitis

Answer 19

Bone infection caused by bacteria or fungi. S/Sx local inflammation and bone pain, fever and excessive sweating, chills, general malaise. Tx antibiotics or surgery

Question 20

Lordosis

Answer 20

swayback

Question 21

Kyphosis

Answer 21

hunchback

Question 22

scoliosis

Answer 22

S or C shaped

Question 23

Tumors

Answer 23

Common site of secondary tumors from breast, lung or prostate

Question 24

Osteosarcoma

Answer 24

Common primary neoplasm of bone. Occurs in shaft of long bones of leg

Question 25

MD-muscular dystrophy

Answer 25

Degeneration of skeletal muscle over time

Question 26

MD S/Sx

Answer 26

Weakness in pelvic girdle, waddling gait, difficulty climbing stairs, gower maneuver, tendon reflexes reduced, deformities develop, respiratory infections common, cardiac myopathy occurs commonly

Question 27

MD Dx tests

Answer 27

ID of common genetic abnormalities, elevated creatine kinase levels, electromyography, muscle biopsy, blood tests shows abnormal dystrophin levels

Question 28

MD Tx

Answer 28

no cure-moderate exercise to maintain motor fx, supportive appliances, OT to maximize function and adaption, ventilator

Question 29

Primary fibromyalgia Syndrome

Answer 29

Pain and stiffness affecting muscles, tendons and surrounding soft tissue, 18 specific tender or trigger points, no obvious inflammation and severe fatigue, stress and/or depression may be present. cause unknown

Question 30

Primary fibromyalgia Syndrome Tx

Answer 30

stress avoidance or reduction, regular exercise in morning, pace activity and rest as needed, local applications of heat or massage as needed, NSAIDS, low doses of antidepressants

Question 31

Osteoarthritis

Answer 31

degenerative wear and tear joint disease. Associated w/obesity and aging, may be result of increased weight-bearing or lifting. Incidence increasing

Question 32

Osteoarthritis patho

Answer 32

articular cartilage is damaged, surface of cartilage becomes rough and worn, tissue damage causes release of enzymes from the cells accelerating disintegration of cartilage