Musculoskeletal 4 Flashcards
What is the name of the membrane where joints oppose and what is the function of it?
Synovial membrane - composed of synovial cells that produce synovial fluid between the joints
What is the capacity of cartiladge for repair?
Joints have limited capacity for repair - poor reapir response due to the lack of blood vessels present
What is degenerative joint disease and what is it caused by?
Degenerative joint disease also referred to as osteoarthritis or osteoarthrosis - affect one joint or many
DJD = result of joint instability, infectious arthritis and congenital malformation - common final pathway ends in joint disease
What is the pathogenesis of DJD?
- Joint damage or instability
- Release of inflammatory mediators
- Changes in proteoglycan content
- Cartiladge fibrillation + eburnation (erosion/ulceration)
- Subchondral sclerosis
- Joint capsule fibrosis and periarticular osteophytosis
Name the conditon that is shown below:
Degenerative intervertebral disc disease
What is the name of the condition that is shown and what is the pathogenesis of it?
Arthrogryposis - abnormal joint positioning - overextension/overflexion - mainly a CNS lesion - congenital absence of motor neurons supplying selected muscles causes atrophy with overextension/flexion of unaffected muscle
What are the main causes of arthrogryposis?
- Akabane virus, Bluetongue virus
- Heriditary forms
- Plant toxicity - alkaloids
What is the name of the condition that is shown below?
Hip Dysplasia
What is the pathogenesis of hip dysplasia?
- Lack of conformity between femoral head + acetabulum
- Increased joint laxity
- Subluxation
What is the name of the condition that is shown below and what are the three main causes?
Elbow dysplasia:
- Ununited anconeal process
- Fragmented medial coronoid process
- Osteochondrosis of medial humeral condyle
What is the name of the condition that is shown below and what is the pathogenesis of it?
Osteochondrosis:
Focal defect (failure or delay) of endochondral ossification in cartiladge complex. The chondronecrosis extends into the subchondral bone.
It is likely caused by a disruption to the articular cartiladge blood supply. This causes disruption to articular blood supply –> ischaemic injury to growing cartiladge (multifactorial - trauma, rapid growth, diet). This results in the formation of a cartiladge flap. The flap then detaches causes ulceration and osteochondritis dissecans.
What are the three different clinical manifestations of osteochondrosis?
- Osteochondrosis latens: disruption of gorwth cartiladge supply –> focal ischaemic injury to growth cartiladge –> necrosis of growth cartiladge
- Osteochondrosis manifesta: retention of necrotic cartiladge - focal delay or failure of endochondral ossification (may have some clinical signs)
- Osteochondrosis dissecans: focal cartiladge necrosis - dissects through articular cartiladge
What is the condition shown in the image below?
Cervical Vertebral Spondylopathy
What is the name of the lesion that is shown below?
Most common neoplasm = histiocytic sarcoma
What is the name of the condition that is shown below and what is the cause of it?
Sterile arthritis
Causes:
- Ideopathic
- Immune mediated
- Urate precipitates (gout)
What is the name of the condition shown below?
Septic arthritis
Distribution:
- Mono-articular - local trauma, penetrating wound, extension from local osteomyelitis
- Polarticular - infectious, immune mediated
Provide three examples of conditions that have the potential to cause septic arthritis:
What is the name of the condition shown below?
Inflammatory infectious discospondylitis
Often associated with:
- Prostatitis in dogs (Brucella canis)
- Erysipelas in pigs
- Enterococcus in chickens
- Corynebacterium in cattle and sheep
