Musculoskeletal Anatomy Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
Name the Components of the Axial Skeleton
A
Skull, Ribs, Sternum, Vertebral Column
2
Q
Function of Skull
A
Protect
3
Q
Function of Sternum
A
Attachment for ribs
4
Q
Function of Rib Cage
A
Protect vital organs
5
Q
Function of veterbral column
A
Support head, protect spinal cord, attachment point for ribs and back muscles
6
Q
Function of Axial Skeleton
A
Protection of vital organs and support and maintenance of posture
7
Q
Parts of the vertebral column from from top to bottom
A
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
8
Q
How many vertebrae are in the cervical vertebrae
A
7
9
Q
How many vertebrae are in the thoracic vertebrae
A
12
10
Q
How many vertebrae are in the lumbar vertebrae
A
5
11
Q
How many vertebrae are in the sacral
A
5 (fused)
12
Q
How many vertebrae are in the coccyx
A
4 (fused)
13
Q
Name the parts of the pectoral girdle (Appendicular Skeleton)
A
Clavicle and Scapula
14
Q
Name the bones of the arm (appendicular skeleton)
A
humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
15
Q
Name the bones of the pelvic girdle
A
Ilium, ischium, pubis
16
Q
Name the bones of the leg (appendicular skeleton)
A
femur, patella, fibula, tibia, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
17
Q
Component of Long Bones
A
Length is greater than width, for movement
18
Q
Components of short bones
A
small and cube shaped
19
Q
Components of flat bones
A
Curved surfaces, for protection, and provides a broad area for muscle attachment
20
Q
Components of Irregular Bones
A
Specialized shape and function
21
Q
Example of Long Bones
A
femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, metatarsals, and phalanges
22
Q
Examples of short bones
A
carpals and tarsals
23
Q
Example of flat bones
A
sternum, scapula, ribs, pelvis
24
Q
Example of irregular bones
A
vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx
25
What is the epiphysis on a long bone?
Head of the long bones, made of spongy bone, contains red bone marrow
26
What is the diaphysis on the long bone?
length or shaft of the long bone, made of compact bone, for protection and support
27
What is articular cartilage?
On the ends of the long bone, reduces friction, absorbs shock
28
What is spongy bone (cancellous)?
Located inside epiphysis, very porous, provides structural support and stability
29
What is compact bone?
What diaphysis is made of, very dense, great strength and rigidity
30
What is yellow bone marrow?
Inside the medullary (marrow) cavity, made mostly of fat, contains stem cells for cartilage, fat, and bone cells
31
What is red bone marrow?
Located in the epiphysis, contains stem cells that can become blood cells/platelets
32
What is the medullary cavity?
also the marrow cavity, stores yellow bone marrow
33
What do blood vessels do in the bone?
Supply blood and nutrients to the bone
34
What is the periosteum
outer lining of the bone, for bone growth and repair, attachment of ligaments and tendons
35
Name all the components of the long bone
Epiphysis, diaphysis, articular cartilage, spongy bone, compact bone, yellow bone marrow, red bone marrow, medullary cavity, blood vessel, periosteum
36
Inferior
Below
37
Superior
Above
38
Proximal
closer to the center or where a limb attaches to the body
39
Distal
Further away from the center or where the limb attaches to the body
40
Medial
Closer to the midline of the body
41
Lateral
Further from the midline of the body
42
Posterior
Back
43
Anterior
Front
44
What is a ligament?
Connective tissue that connects bone to bone
45
What is a tendon?
Connective tissue that connects muscle to bone
46
What is cartilage?
Reduces friction, absorbs shock, and protects bone
47
What is a joint?
Where two or more bones come into contact or articulate with each other
48
What is a fibrous joint?
thin layer of fibrous tissue that connects edges of two bones, no movement allowed
49
What is an example of a fibrous joint?
Sutures of the skull
50
What is a cartilaginous joint?
joined by cartilage, limited movement
51
What is an example of a cartilaginous joint?
Between vertebrae and between ribs and sternum
52
What is a synovial joint?
Freely moving join that contain synovial fluid in a cavity around articulating bones, most important for mobility
53
What is an example of a synovial joint?
elbow, knee
54
Name parts of a synovial joint
articular cartilage, articular capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, bursae, meniscus
55
What is the articular capsule?
Sleeve like structure that surrounds the joint under the bursae
56
What is the synovial membrane?
Line the capsule and secretes synovial fluid
57
What is synovial fluid?
lubricates articular cartilage preventing friction damage during movement
58
What is the bursae?
fluid filled sac that works as a cushion to reduce friction
59
What is the meniscus?
Discs of fibrocartilage that provide cushioning and stability
60
What is a condyloid joint?
One bone is oval and fits with a concave surface. Movement only in two directions (side/side, up/down)
61
Example of condyloid joint?
Wrist
62
What is a saddle joint?
Saddle and rider, movement in two directions (up/down, side/side)
63
What is an example of a saddle joint?
Thumb
64
What is a ball and socket joint?
sphere fits into round cavity, movement in all directions
65
What is an example of a ball and socket joint?
shoulder, hip
66
What is a hinge joint?
Convex bone fits with a concave bone, can flex/extend in one direction
67
What is an example of a hinge joint?
elbow, knee
68
What is a pivot joint?
One bone forms a ring in which the other bone rotates, allows rotation
69
What is an example of a pivot joint?
radius and ulna, neck
70
What is a gliding joint?
Bones that are mostly flat and glide across each other, least movement
71
What is an example of a gliding joint?
Between carpal and tarsal bones
72
What are the three types of muscle?
Smooth, cardiac, skeletal
73
What is skeletal muscle?
under voluntary control, striated appearance, tendons that attaches mostly to bone, main function is movement
74
What is cardiac/heart muscle?
striated, involuntary
75
What is smooth muscle?
lines wall of blood vessels and hollow organs, involuntary, not striated
76
What are striations?
Tissue that converts energy
77
What are the main functions of muscle?
movement, move substances, stabilize and maintain body position, body heat
78
What are the properties of muscle tissue?
contractility, extensibility, elasticity
79
What are the 3 layers of fascia?
Epimysium, perimysium, endomysium
80
What is epimysium?
Outer layer which covers entire muscle
81
What is perimysium?
surrounds bundle of muscle fiber
82
what is endomysium?
layer of fascia that surrounds individual muscle fiber
83
What is muscle fiber?
Consist of a single muscle cell that helps control the physical forces of the body
84
What is myofibril?
light and dark bands arranged in a series of function units
85
What is a sarcomere?
contain bands of contractile proteins (actin and myosin) that are important for muscle contraction
86
Hypertrophy?
increase of myofibrils, bigger muscle
87
Atrophy?
Decrease of myofibrils, smaller muscle
88
Rectus abdominus?
most superficial, pubis to rib and sternum, "six pack"
89
External obliques?
lower 8 ribs to ilium, side of torso, sideways bending movement and rotation
90
Erector spinae?
runs alongside most of spine
91
Deltoid?
shoulder muscle, posterior scapula and anterior clavicle to lateral humerus
92
Pectoralis major?
covers entire anterior chest, "peck"
93
Biceps brachii
entire upper arm, scapula to radius and ulna
94
Trapezius?
triangular shape, posterior neck and upper back, raise shoulder
95
Latissimus dorsi?
sides of back muscle, sacrum and ilium to humerus, brings arms backwards
96
Triceps brachii
Posterior upper arm, shoulder and elbow movement, back of bicep
97
Iliopsoas?
lumbar vertebrae and ilium to inner femur, hips
98
Sartorius?
longest muscle in the body, ilium to medial tibia, knee thigh movement, inner thigh muscle
99
What are the four muscles of the quadriceps?
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
100
Rectus femoris?
superficial middle thigh muscle
101
Vastus lateralis?
outside thigh muscle
102
Vastus medialis?
inside thigh muscle
103
Vastus intermedius
middle thigh muscle under rectus femoris
104
Tibialis anterior?
front of lower leg, between tibia and fibula, walking/running
105
Gluteus maximus?
butt, sacrum, ilium, coccyx to upper lateral femur
106
What are the muscles of the hamstrings?
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus (all on back thigh)
107
Biceps femoris?
outside nearest to hip, head of fibula
108
semitendinosus?
inside, superficial, back thigh
109
semimembranosus?
inside, under semitendinosus
110
Parts of calf muscle
gastrocnemius, soleus
111
Gastrocnemius?
most superficial, two heads
112
Soleus?
underneath gastrocnemius
113
What is the longest bone in the body?
Femur
114
What factors affect the stability of a joint?
shape, whether the bones interlock, area over which the bones contact, flexibility of ligaments, influence of other soft tissue
115
What gives muscle a striated appearance?
Repeating bands of actin and myosin
