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Quiz 3 Fundamentals > Musculoskeletal Assessment > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Synovial joint

A

Freely movable

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2
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Minimal movement

Bones held together by fibrous connective tissue

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3
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Slight movement

Bones held together by cartilage

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4
Q

5 cushioning sand supportive structures

A 
Bursa
Tendon sheaths
Tendons
Ligaments
Cartilage
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5
Q

Bursa

A

Cushioning between structures tendons and bones

Reduce friction

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6
Q

Tendon sheaths

A

Fluid filled cushion

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7
Q

Tendons

A

Connective tissue

Attach muscle to bone

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8
Q

Ligaments

A

Fibrous tissue

Connects bones (to bone or cartilage) at joints

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9
Q

Cartilage

A

Connective tissue

Covers protects surface of moveable joints

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10
Q

Function of musculoskeletal system (6)

A

Movement and position

Support protection movable frame

Stores Calcium magnesium phosphorus

Metabolism and temperature regulations

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11
Q

Physiological changes with aging (6)

A

Decrease total bone mass

Bone tissue last. The rate of loss exceeds growth

Decline in muscle strength

Decreased muscle mass

Atrophy of muscles

Decreased elasticity of cartilage

Decreased calcium

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12
Q

Palpating -

Bones
Joints
Muscles

Palpate for (4)

A

Palpate bones for tenderness. Joints and muscles for tenderness heat Adema and tone

Palpate for skin temperature, pain tenderness, swelling Adema atrophy, joint stability and deformity

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13
Q

The order of The musculoskeletal exam (4)

A

Inspection
Palpation
Range of motion
Muscle testing

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14
Q

What does ROM stand for

A

Range of motion

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15
Q

What is range of motion ROM

A

Normal arc of movement provided by the structure of a joint

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16
Q

Active range of motion

A

Motion performed independently

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17
Q

Passive range of motion

A

Motion accomplished with assistance

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18
Q

What do you use to measure the arc of a joint for the range of motion

A

Goniometer

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19
Q

Inspection of the musculoskeletal system

A

Axial skeleton and extremities for alignment, contour, symmetry, size and gross deformity’s

Body symmetric, straight spine, knees straight line, feet flat, forward

Posture
Gait

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20
Q

What are you inspecting muscles for?

A

Size in symmetry
Bilateral symmetry, muscle circumference

Dominant side may be larger

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21
Q

What are you looking for when observing a joint?

A

Skin and contour
Skin and tissues over the joint
Appearance of surrounding structure

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22
Q

Flexion

A

Flexing of muscle

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23
Q

Extension

A

Straight arm

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24
Q

How to test for muscle strength

A

Apply opposing force

Grade muscle strength-based on muscle strength rating zero through five

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25
Q

The four terms when observing muscle tone and feeling for muscle tone

A

Flaccid, hyper trophy, atrophy, spasm

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26
Q

Flaccid

A

muscle is limp and decrease tone

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27
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increased strength

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28
Q

Atrophy

A

No strength

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29
Q

Spasm

A

Muscle constantly twitching. In a spasm

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30
Q

Muscle strength rating

A 
0-5 
0- paralyzed 
1- no movement
2- poor
3- fair
4- good
5- normal
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31
Q

3 types of muscles

A

skeletal, cardiac, smooth/visceral

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32
Q

cartilage

A

shock absorber

smooth surface that reduces friction

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33
Q

adduction

A

movement of body part toward body’s midline. bringing arms from shoulder height to sides.

fingers and toes -bringing fingers together if spread apart

34
Q

abduction

A

movement of limbs away from the midline of the body. arms from side to shoulders or higher

spreading fingers and toes out

35
Q

flexion

A

bending movement that decreases angle. Bending elbow, clenching a hand into a fist

flexing bicep

36
Q

extension

A

straigtening movement

standing up - knees are extended

straigtening arm
straightening legs

37
Q

pronation

A

facing down - palm facing down

38
Q

supination

A

palm facing up

39
Q

circumduction

A

movement in a circle

ball and socket joint or eye

hip, shoulder, wrist

40
Q

rotation

A

moving head side to side

41
Q

elevation

A

movement in a superior direction

shrugging (elevation of scapula)

42
Q

depression

A

movement in an inferior direction (opposite of elevation)

43
Q

eversion

A

movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane

44
Q

inversion

A

movement of the sole towards the median plane

ankle is twisted in

45
Q

protraction/protrusion

A

jaw moving forward

46
Q

retraction/retrusion

A

jaw moving backward

47
Q

Health Promotion - nutrition, exercise, weight

A

-proper calcium intake
-increase bone mass
-reduce excess mechanical wear and tear
exercise - at least 1 hours and 30 minutes a week of moderate intensity

48
Q

low back pain prevention

A

diet to maintain healthy weight
exercises to stengthen lower back
maintaining good posture and avoid heavy lifting

49
Q

bone strength reflects both…

A

bone density and bone quality

50
Q

bone density

A

interaction of bone mass, new bone formation and bone resorption or loss

51
Q

bone quality

A

artchitecture, turnover, damage accumulation for microfractures and mineralization

52
Q

mesuring bone density

A
  • no direction measurement of bone strength
  • used to define osteopenia and osteoporosis
  • measured at hip, femoral neck, Ward triangle at the femoral neck, greater trochanter, and total hip
53
Q

risk factors of osteoperosis

A 
postmenopausal status in women
age greater than or equal to 50
low BMI
low dietary calcium 
vitamin D deficient
prior fragility fracture
sedentary lifestyle/extended bed rest
tobacco and excessive alcohol use
inflammatory disorders of musculoskeletal, pulmonary or gi systems
certain meds
54
Q

Assessment of ROM of the tempromandibular joint

A

opening and closing
protrusion and retraction
lateral

55
Q

neck - extension

A

head bending back toward back (looking up at ceiling)

56
Q

neck - flexion

A

head moving forward toward heart (chin to chest)

57
Q

lateral flexion of head

A

bring your ear to your shoulder

58
Q

Rotation of head

A

look over your shoulder and then the other

59
Q

Forward flexion of shoulder

A

bringing arms up over head

60
Q

hyper extension of shoulder

A

bringing arms behind you straight

61
Q

internal rotation of shoulder

A

holding arms behind your back

62
Q

abduction of shoulder

A

bringing shoulder over your head

63
Q

adduction to shoulder

A

brining arms down to side

64
Q

external rotation of shoulder

A

holding hands behind head

65
Q

flexion of elbow

A

flexing bicep (bend elbow)

66
Q

extension of elbow

A

straightening elbow

67
Q

supination and pronation of elbow

A

turn palms up

turn palms down

68
Q

flexion of hand and wrist

extension

A

f - with palms down, point fingers toward the floor

e - palms down, point fingers toward the ceiling

69
Q

adduction (radial deviation) of wrist/hand

A

with palms down bring fingers toward midline (together)

70
Q

abduction (ulnar deviation)

A

with palms down, bring fingers away from midline

71
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

trapped nerve when space narrows

due to repetitive motion or edema

special tests

72
Q

phalen’s sign test

A

hands come together and can form an opposite of a prayer position

carpal tunnel - if test is positive - numbness and tingling are produced when hands are held in this position for about 30 seconds

73
Q

Tinel’s sign test

A

used to diagnose carpal tunnel

tapping over the carpal tunnel causes tingling in the thumb and radial two and a half fingers.

74
Q

extension and flexion of spine

A

have patient lean back while standing up for extension

have patient lean forward and touch toes for flexion of spine

75
Q

lateral bending of spine (right and left)

A

lean to your left side, lean to your right side (standing up)

76
Q

rotation

A

rotate side to side (twist)

77
Q

flexion of hip

A

bend knee to chest and put it against abdomen

78
Q

hyperextension of hip

A

movement at a joint to a position beyond its normal maximum extension (lie face down and bend knee and lift it up or lying flat, move lower leg away from the midline and down over the table)

79
Q

plantar flexion

A

point foot toward the door

80
Q

dorsiflexion

A

point foot toward the ceiling

81
Q

inversion of foot

A

bend your heel inward

82
Q

eversion

A

bend your heel outward

Quiz 3 Fundamentals (5 decks)

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