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Quiz 3 Fundamentals > Musculoskeletal Assessment > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Assessment Flashcards

(82 cards)

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1
Q

Synovial joint

A

Freely movable

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2
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Minimal movement

Bones held together by fibrous connective tissue

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3
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Slight movement

Bones held together by cartilage

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4
Q

5 cushioning sand supportive structures

A 
Bursa
Tendon sheaths
Tendons
Ligaments
Cartilage
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5
Q

Bursa

A

Cushioning between structures tendons and bones

Reduce friction

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6
Q

Tendon sheaths

A

Fluid filled cushion

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7
Q

Tendons

A

Connective tissue

Attach muscle to bone

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8
Q

Ligaments

A

Fibrous tissue

Connects bones (to bone or cartilage) at joints

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9
Q

Cartilage

A

Connective tissue

Covers protects surface of moveable joints

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10
Q

Function of musculoskeletal system (6)

A

Movement and position

Support protection movable frame

Stores Calcium magnesium phosphorus

Metabolism and temperature regulations

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11
Q

Physiological changes with aging (6)

A

Decrease total bone mass

Bone tissue last. The rate of loss exceeds growth

Decline in muscle strength

Decreased muscle mass

Atrophy of muscles

Decreased elasticity of cartilage

Decreased calcium

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12
Q

Palpating -

Bones
Joints
Muscles

Palpate for (4)

A

Palpate bones for tenderness. Joints and muscles for tenderness heat Adema and tone

Palpate for skin temperature, pain tenderness, swelling Adema atrophy, joint stability and deformity

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13
Q

The order of The musculoskeletal exam (4)

A

Inspection
Palpation
Range of motion
Muscle testing

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14
Q

What does ROM stand for

A

Range of motion

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15
Q

What is range of motion ROM

A

Normal arc of movement provided by the structure of a joint

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16
Q

Active range of motion

A

Motion performed independently

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17
Q

Passive range of motion

A

Motion accomplished with assistance

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18
Q

What do you use to measure the arc of a joint for the range of motion

A

Goniometer

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19
Q

Inspection of the musculoskeletal system

A

Axial skeleton and extremities for alignment, contour, symmetry, size and gross deformity’s

Body symmetric, straight spine, knees straight line, feet flat, forward

Posture
Gait

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20
Q

What are you inspecting muscles for?

A

Size in symmetry
Bilateral symmetry, muscle circumference

Dominant side may be larger

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21
Q

What are you looking for when observing a joint?

A

Skin and contour
Skin and tissues over the joint
Appearance of surrounding structure

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22
Q

Flexion

A

Flexing of muscle

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23
Q

Extension

A

Straight arm

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24
Q

How to test for muscle strength

A

Apply opposing force

Grade muscle strength-based on muscle strength rating zero through five

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25
The four terms when observing muscle tone and feeling for muscle tone
Flaccid, hyper trophy, atrophy, spasm
26
Flaccid
muscle is limp and decrease tone
27
Hypertrophy
Increased strength
28
Atrophy
No strength
29
Spasm
Muscle constantly twitching. In a spasm
30
Muscle strength rating
``` 0-5 0- paralyzed 1- no movement 2- poor 3- fair 4- good 5- normal ```
31
3 types of muscles
skeletal, cardiac, smooth/visceral
32
cartilage
shock absorber | smooth surface that reduces friction
33
adduction
movement of body part toward body's midline. bringing arms from shoulder height to sides. fingers and toes -bringing fingers together if spread apart
34
abduction
movement of limbs away from the midline of the body. arms from side to shoulders or higher spreading fingers and toes out
35
flexion
bending movement that decreases angle. Bending elbow, clenching a hand into a fist flexing bicep
36
extension
straigtening movement standing up - knees are extended straigtening arm straightening legs
37
pronation
facing down - palm facing down
38
supination
palm facing up
39
circumduction
movement in a circle ball and socket joint or eye hip, shoulder, wrist
40
rotation
moving head side to side
41
elevation
movement in a superior direction shrugging (elevation of scapula)
42
depression
movement in an inferior direction (opposite of elevation)
43
eversion
movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane
44
inversion
movement of the sole towards the median plane ankle is twisted in
45
protraction/protrusion
jaw moving forward
46
retraction/retrusion
jaw moving backward
47
Health Promotion - nutrition, exercise, weight
-proper calcium intake -increase bone mass -reduce excess mechanical wear and tear exercise - at least 1 hours and 30 minutes a week of moderate intensity
48
low back pain prevention
diet to maintain healthy weight exercises to stengthen lower back maintaining good posture and avoid heavy lifting
49
bone strength reflects both...
bone density and bone quality
50
bone density
interaction of bone mass, new bone formation and bone resorption or loss
51
bone quality
artchitecture, turnover, damage accumulation for microfractures and mineralization
52
mesuring bone density
- no direction measurement of bone strength - used to define osteopenia and osteoporosis - measured at hip, femoral neck, Ward triangle at the femoral neck, greater trochanter, and total hip
53
risk factors of osteoperosis
``` postmenopausal status in women age greater than or equal to 50 low BMI low dietary calcium vitamin D deficient prior fragility fracture sedentary lifestyle/extended bed rest tobacco and excessive alcohol use inflammatory disorders of musculoskeletal, pulmonary or gi systems certain meds ```
54
Assessment of ROM of the tempromandibular joint
opening and closing protrusion and retraction lateral
55
neck - extension
head bending back toward back (looking up at ceiling)
56
neck - flexion
head moving forward toward heart (chin to chest)
57
lateral flexion of head
bring your ear to your shoulder
58
Rotation of head
look over your shoulder and then the other
59
Forward flexion of shoulder
bringing arms up over head
60
hyper extension of shoulder
bringing arms behind you straight
61
internal rotation of shoulder
holding arms behind your back
62
abduction of shoulder
bringing shoulder over your head
63
adduction to shoulder
brining arms down to side
64
external rotation of shoulder
holding hands behind head
65
flexion of elbow
flexing bicep (bend elbow)
66
extension of elbow
straightening elbow
67
supination and pronation of elbow
turn palms up | turn palms down
68
flexion of hand and wrist | extension
f - with palms down, point fingers toward the floor e - palms down, point fingers toward the ceiling
69
adduction (radial deviation) of wrist/hand
with palms down bring fingers toward midline (together)
70
abduction (ulnar deviation)
with palms down, bring fingers away from midline
71
carpal tunnel syndrome
trapped nerve when space narrows due to repetitive motion or edema special tests
72
phalen's sign test
hands come together and can form an opposite of a prayer position carpal tunnel - if test is positive - numbness and tingling are produced when hands are held in this position for about 30 seconds
73
Tinel's sign test
used to diagnose carpal tunnel tapping over the carpal tunnel causes tingling in the thumb and radial two and a half fingers.
74
extension and flexion of spine
have patient lean back while standing up for extension have patient lean forward and touch toes for flexion of spine
75
lateral bending of spine (right and left)
lean to your left side, lean to your right side (standing up)
76
rotation
rotate side to side (twist)
77
flexion of hip
bend knee to chest and put it against abdomen
78
hyperextension of hip
movement at a joint to a position beyond its normal maximum extension (lie face down and bend knee and lift it up or lying flat, move lower leg away from the midline and down over the table)
79
plantar flexion
point foot toward the door
80
dorsiflexion
point foot toward the ceiling
81
inversion of foot
bend your heel inward
82
eversion
bend your heel outward

Quiz 3 Fundamentals (5 decks)

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