Musculoskeletal Disease

Question 1

Respectively, what percentage of calcium, phosphorus, and sodium do the bones contain?

Answer 1

99; 85; 65

Question 2

What is the term used to describe the activity of “making blood cells”?

Answer 2

Hematopoietic

Question 3

Where are blood cells and platelets made?

Answer 3

In the bone marrow

Question 4

What type of bone supports the ends of weight bearing bones?

Answer 4

Spongy (trabecular; cancellous)

Question 5

What is the purpose of compact (cortical; solid) bone?

Answer 5

To form shaft on outside of long bone

Question 6

Which type of bone cells are responsible for bone formation and lining?

Answer 6

Osteoblasts

Question 7

What do osteclasts do?

Answer 7

Reabsorb and dissolve bone; release calcium into the blood

Question 8

Which type of bone cells maintain the overall bone by transporting metabolites, cell communication and regulate mineral balance?

Answer 8

Osteocytes

Question 9

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating osteoclasts?

Answer 9

Parathyroid

Question 10

Which type of bone cells are stimulated by the thyroid hormone?

Answer 10

Osteoblasts

Question 11

Which hormone suppresses osteclast activity?

Answer 11

Sex hormones (estrogen)

Question 12

What does Wolff’s Law state?

Answer 12

Bone is laid down where it is needed and reabsorbed where it is not needed

Question 13

What is the concept behind minimal essential strain?

Answer 13

If threshold signal to osteoblasts is not met, osteoclasts are produced

Question 14

What type of athlete has the highest bone density in their HIPS?

Answer 14

Gymnasts

Question 15

What type of athlete has the highest bone density in their ARMS?

Answer 15

Weight lifters

Question 16

At what age does your bone mass peak?

Answer 16

Late 20’s (early 30’s)

Question 17

What type of bone loss is present in women but not in men during aging?

Answer 17

Menopausal bone loss

Question 18

What are the symptoms of osteoporosis?

Answer 18

Bone fragility and increased risk of bone fractures

Question 19

What disease is caused by re-absorption of calcium from bone?

Answer 19

Osteoporosis

Question 20

What T-Score range on the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) scale is associated with osteoporosis?

Answer 20

-2.5 or below

Question 21

What gender is more affected by osteoporosis?

Answer 21

Women (80%)

Question 22

What ethnicity of women are more susceptible to to fracture incidences?

Answer 22

Caucasian

Question 23

Does smoking have an affect on bone health in aging?

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

Which vitamin can help reduce the risk of fractures?

Answer 24

Vitamin D

Question 25

What type of arthritis is the most common?

Answer 25

Osteoarthritis

Question 26

Which type of osteoarthritis is due to hereditary and mechanical factors?

Answer 26

Primary osteoarthritis

Question 27

What causes secondary osteoarthritis?

Answer 27

Past injury or trauma

Question 28

What type of test can NOT be used to diagnose osteoarthritis?

Answer 28

A blood test

Question 29

What is the difference between rheumatoid arthritis and gout?

Answer 29

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune response that affects synovial membranes while gout is a metabolic disease associated with high levels of uric acid levels in cartilage

Question 30

What gender and race are more susceptible to gout?

Answer 30

African American males

Question 31

What is the leading cause of disability in the United States?

Answer 31

Osteoarthritis

Question 32

Is fibromyalgia a form of arthritis?

Answer 32

No

Question 33

What are the characteristics of fibromyalgia?

Answer 33

Chronic widespread of muscular pain in multiple tender sites?

Question 34

Since fibrosis (fibromyalgia) cannot be diagnosed, what is the criteria?

Answer 34

Chronic widespread pain for at least 3 months; pain in 11+ of 18 tender points

Question 35

What are the risk factors for muscular dystrophy?

Answer 35

Hereditary

Question 36

The alteration of what muscular protein leads to muscular dystrophy?

Answer 36

Dystrophin

Question 37

What type of muscular dystrophy exhibits an absence of dystrophin and is the most common form?

Answer 37

Duschenne (early onset)

Question 38

What does Becker's (late onset) muscular dystrophy signify?

Answer 38

Abnormal dystrophin levels