Musculoskeletal disorders Flashcards
(66 cards)
DJD Description
Degeneration of articular cartilage with hypertrophy of subchondral bone and joint capsule of WB joints
• Decreased joint space
• Decreased height of articular cartilage
• Presence of osteophytes
DJD Treatment
Corticosteriods
NSAIDS
Glucocorticoids (injected)
Common Intervention
DJD Dx
Plane images Lab tests (rule out RA)
Ankylosing Spondylitis: Description
Progressive inflammatory disorder of unkown etiology that intially affects axial skeleton.
Initial onset (mid-LBP approx 3 months) before 40
• Mid and low back pain
• Morning stiffness
• Sacroiliitis
Results in kyphotic deformity or cervical and thoracic spine with flattening of lumbar
Affects men 3x >women
Ankylosing Spondylitis: Tx
NSAIDs Corticosteroids Cytotoxic drugs Tumor Necrosis Inhibitors Common intervention
Ankylosing Spondylitis: Dx
HLA-B27 antigen
Gout: Description
Genetic disorder of purine metabolism, characterized by elevated serum uric acis levels; which may form crystals and deposit into peripheral joints etc
Most frequently at the knee and great toe
Gout: Tx
NSAIDs Cox II inhibitors Colchicine Corticosteriods Adrenoacorticotropic hormone ACTH Allopurinol Probenecid Sulfinpyrazone
Patient education
Early identification
Gout: Dx
Lab tests to identify monosodium urate cyrstals in synovial fluid and/or connective tissue samples
Psoariatic Arthritis: Description
Chronic erosive inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology associated with psoriasis
Erosive degeneration usually occurs in joints of digits and axial skeleton
Male = Female
Psoariatic Arthritis: Tx
Acetominophen NSAIDs Anti rheumatics (DMARDs) Biological response modifiers (BRMs) (Enbrel)
Psoariatic Arthritis: Dx
Rule out RA
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Description
Chronic systemic disorder of unknown etiology involving a symmetrical pattern of dysfunction of synovial tissues and articular cartilage of joints in hands, wrists, elbows, shoulders, knees, ankles and feet
MCP = pannus, ulnar drift, volar sublux
PIP = swan neck, bouteniere, bouchards nodes
Women 2-3x > men
Juvenile RA onset before 16 with complete remission in 75% of children
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Tx
Gold compounds Antirheumatics NSAIDs Immunosuppressive agents Corticosteroids Common Intervention
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Dx
Plain films (symetrical)
High white blood cell count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit levels
Osteoporosis: Description
Metabolic disease that depletes bone mineral density/mass, predisposing individual to fracture.
Affects women 10x > than men
Common fracture sites include: lumbar, femoral neck, proximal humerus, proximal tibia, pelvis and distal radius
*primary or post-menopausal osteoporosis is directly related to decrease in estrogen production
*senile osteoporosis occurs from a decrease in bone activity
Osteoporosis: Tx
Calcium Vitamin D Estrogen Calcitonin Biophosphonates Common intervention
Osteoporosis: Dx
CT scan
Single/Dual photon absorptiometry
Osteomalacia: Description
Characterized by decalcification of bones due to vitamin D deficiency Symptoms: • Severe pain • Fractures • Weakness • Deformities
Osteomalacia: Tx
Calcium
Vitamin D
Calciferol (VD injections)
common intervention
Osteomalacia: Dx
Plain films
Lab tests
Bone scan
Bone biopsy
Osteomyelitis: Description
An inflammatory response within bone caused by an infection (usually staphylococcus aureus)
More common in children and immunosuppressed adults, males > females
Osteomyelitis: Tx
Antibiotics
Nutrition
Surgery (if needed)
Osteomyelitis: Dx
Lab tets
Bone biopsy