Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

biology 101 > musculoskeletal system > Flashcards

musculoskeletal system Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what are the functions of the skeleton

A 
support
protection
assists in movement
storage 
production of blood cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does support provide

A

rigid framework to hold body upright

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

examples of protection

A

cranium protects brain
vertebrae protects spinal cord
rib cage protects heart and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how does the skeleton assists in movement

A

skeletal muscles provide the pulling forces to move bone which act as rigid levers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where does the production of blood cells occur

A

in the red marrow of long bones e.g. femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is stored in bone

A

yellow marrow stores fat and

minerals such as calcium are stored in bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the axial skeleton consists of

A

skull
ribcage
vertebral column/spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

skull consists of

A

consists of 22 fused bones

and also consists of the cranium and facial bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

vertebral column consists of

A

33 bones called vertebrae arranged into 5 different regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 5 different regions of the vertebral column and their numbers

A 
cervical 7
thoracic 12
lumbar 5
sacrum 5
coccyx 4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where are discs found

A

between each vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does the spinal cord run through

A

runs through the central hollow canals of each vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the roles of discs

A

shock absorbers, allow friction free movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are all ribs attached to

A

the vertebrae of the spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does the appendicular skeleton consist of

A

consists of pectoral and pelvic girdle and attached limbs e.g. hind limb and fore limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

pectoral girdle consists of

A

clavicle and scapula and attached fore limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does the clavicle prevent

A

the clavicle prevents the shoulder from collapsing toward the chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does the scapula contain

A

the scapula contains the socket for the ball of the humerus to fit into forming the ball and socket joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

each fore limb contains

A 
humerus 
radius
ulna
carpal
metacarpal
phalanges(toes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the pelvic girdle consists of

A

hip bones fused to the sacrum and surrounding a cavity and attached hind limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

why are the hip bones called the innominate bone

A

the hip bones are called the innominate bone as each is formed by the fusion of 3 bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does each hip bone provide

A

a socket for the ball and socket joint with the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

each hind limb contains

A 
femur
patella
tibia 
fibula
tarsals
metatarsals
 phalanges(toes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what does cartilage cover

A

covers the ends of the epiphysis and it contains the protein collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the role of cartilage
>shock absorbers | >reduces friction
26
where is spongey bone located and what does it contain
>located mainly in the epiphysis of long bone | >contains bony bars and plates separated by spaces filled with red marrow
27
what is the role of spongey bone
it gives strength but lowers density
28
red marrow and its role
>red marrow is located in between the spaces of the spongey bone >role is to produce blood cells
29
the medullary cavities role
>is to make inactive yellow marrow | >it also reduces weight of long bone making movement possible
30
where is yellow marrow located
inside the medullary cavity
31
what is the role of yellow marrow
>stores fat | >converts to red marrow when more blood cells are needed
32
compact bone is....
>thicker along the diaphysis and thinner at epiphysis | >its a dense bone which is living as it has nerve and rich blood supply
33
what is the role of the compact bone
it gives strength and rigidity to long bone
34
periosteum is a
>touch membrane which encloses long bone | >contains nerves and blood vessels
35
what is the role of the periosteum
it forms an attachment with thousands of tendons
36
what is marrow
>marrow is fatty substance that can be red or yellow | >in adults red marrow confined to the spongey bone and yellow marrow is found in the medullary cavity
37
(note)the compact bone is made of....
>bone cells called osteoblasts embedded in a matrix of calcium phosphate and collagen protein >calcium salts give bone strength >collagen protein gives bone flexibility *****bone has rich blood supply with nerve fibres running though it (cartilage lacks both)
38
what are osteoblasts
>osteoblasts are bone forming cells >cell that builds up bone (both answers are basically the same)
39
what is the growth plate
the growth plate is an area within which growth occurs
40
what is bone renewal
a process where bone is continually being broken down and replaced
41
what are osteoclasts
>osteoclasts are cells that digest bone >cells that break down bone (both answers are basically the same)
42
osteoclasts break down/digest bone as follows...
>osteoclasts digest bone around the medullary cavity while osteoblasts build it up >osteoclasts then absorb broken down bone and remove worn cells >finally osteoblasts deposit calcium released from bone to blood vessels
43
the continued renewal of bone is dependant on
exercise >stimulates osteoblasts to form new bone >thickens compact bone hormone levels >parathormone regulates calcium metabolism by removing calcium from bone to raise blood calcium levels >a constant level of calcium in the blood is needed for muscles and nerves to work properly >calcium maintains bone density and strength diet >a diet lacking calcium and vitamin D can result in reduced bone density
44
TRUE or FALSE the skeleton is the largest storehouse of calcium
TRUE
45
what is a joint
a joint is a junction between two bones or more
46
location and function of the immovable joint | -immovable basically means it does not move
>location is the skull >function: no movement >gives strength and protection e.g. cranium protects brain
47
location and function of the slightly moveable joint
>location is between the vertebrae >function: - small amount of movement - provides flexibility to the spine without damaging the spinal cord or nerves
48
location and function of the freely moveable joint A.K.A | synovial joint/roles
hinge joint at knee, elbow, ankle -allows movement in one direction so can support heavy loads ball and socket joint at hip and shoulder -allows movement in all directions so cannot support heavy loads
49
what body parts can you find cartilage
ear, nose, trachea
50
function of the ligament
-joins bone to bone
51
Description of the ligament
- tough and slightly elastic | - flexible when warm
52
Function of the tendon
- joins muscle to bone | - transfers force of muscular contraction to bone causing movement at the joint
53
TRUE or FALSE the tendon is tough and inelastic
TRUE
54
What does the synovial membrane do
-encloses the joint
55
Function of synovial membrane
secretes synovial fluid
56
what is the function of synovial fluid
it reduces friction of movable joints
57
What is the function of the capsule
it holds the synovial fluid
58
Name a disorder of the musculoskeletal system
Osteoporosis
59
Give a possible cause of osteoporosis and suggest a treatment for it
cause: reduced levels of the hormone oestrogen treatment: hormone replacement therapy using oestrogen
60
what are the three types muscles
>skeletal muscle >smooth muscle >cardiac
61
what are the general features and functions of the skeletal muscle
-it is attached to bone -under voluntary control -contracts quick but tires very quickly >its main role is movement and generates heat e.g. shivering
62
what are the general features and functions of the smooth muscle
-it is located in arteries, veins, uterus, bladder and digestive system -its an involuntary muscle -contacts slowly and is slow to tire >its main role is it contracts to reduce size of structure
63
cardiac muscle
- is located in the heart wall - its an involuntary muscle - does not tire - contracts strongly and has many mitochondria >role in cardiac cycle of the heart; ***relaxes during diastole of the cardiac cycle to allow blood to enter the heart ***contacts during systole of cardiac cycle so blood is pumped out of the heart
64
TRUE or FALSE muscle is the only contractile tissue in the body as it has the ability to shorten and generate a strong pulling force, using ATP energy
TRUE
65
what is an antagonistic muscle pair
*consists of 2 muscles work with opposing actions >2 muscles have opposite effects and when one contracts the other one relaxes
66
name an example of an antagonistic muscle pair
biceps and triceps
67
what do biceps do
bicep contracts to bend the arm and thus is called the flexor muscle -triceps is relaxed
68
what do triceps do
triceps contracts to straighten the arm and is called the extensor muscle -the biceps is relaxed
69
what is bone growth controlled by
Hormones
70
draw the internal diagram of the long bone
see diagram in manual

biology 101 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions