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Pharmocology > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What is a simple fracture?

A

A simple fracture does not break through the skin.

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2
Q

How is a sprain defined ?

A

A sprain is a traumatic injury to a ligament.

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3
Q

describe a strain

A

A strain is a tear, partial tear, overuse, or overstretching of a muscle/tendon

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4
Q

What is the basic definition of muscle tissue?

A

a tissue composed of cells that are able to contract and relax.

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5
Q

What does abduction mean

A

( carrying AWAY from the body )
the process of carrying away from the midline

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6
Q

define sesamoid bone

A

Patella (kneecap).

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7
Q

Define bursitis and identify where it commonly occurs.

A

painful inflammation of bursae. It commonly occurs in joints.

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8
Q

What is pronation

A

turning the palm downward.

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9
Q

define flat bones

A

Sternum (breastbone), scapula (shoulder blade)

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10
Q

What is the process of extension in terms of joint movement?

A

process of stretching out; increasing the angle of a joint.

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11
Q

“stern/o”

A

Sternum

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12
Q

prefix “axi/o-“

A

At the center

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13
Q

Describe a ball-and-socket joint and provide examples.

A

allows free movement, and the joint can rotate.
Examples : the shoulder and hip.

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14
Q

What is lordosis, and where does it occur in the spine?

A

Lordosis is an exaggerated curve in the lumbar region of the spine, sometimes called “swayback.”

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15
Q

Which type of skeletal deformity causes an exaggerated curve in the thoracic region of the spine and is sometimes called hunchback?

A

Kyphosis

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16
Q

What are joints & examples

A

sometimes called articulations, are parts of the body where two or more bones join.
Examples : knee and elbow.

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17
Q

The adult skeleton contains ___ bones.

A

206

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18
Q

define irregular bones

A

Vertebra (backbone), stapes (a bone of the ear).

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19
Q

Explain the process of adduction and provide an example.

A

Adduction is the process of carrying toward the midline. An example is bringing the arm back to the body’s side.

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20
Q

what is a Baker cyst

A

a cyst of synovial fluid in the popliteal area of the leg, often associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

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21
Q

What region of the back does the term “lumbar” specifically refer to?

A

Lower back

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22
Q

What is plantar fasciitis, and where does it occur in the body?

A

inflammation on the sole of the foot. The chronic form is called plantar fasciosis.

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23
Q

what are osteoblasts

A

embryonic bone cells

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24
Q

What does ROM stand for in the context of musculoskeletal health?

A

Range of motion.

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25
Q

A(n) ___________ is a visual examination of a joint, accomplished by use of an arthroscope.

A

Arthroscopy

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26
Q

What term is used to describe the 7 pairs of ribs that are attached directly to the sternum in the front of the body?

A

true ribs.

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27
Q

What is the medical term for the upper jawbone?

A

Maxilla

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28
Q

what is Smooth muscle

A

the walls of hollow internal organs, blood vessels, respiratory system passageways, and other structures in the body.

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29
Q

Which bone is indicated by the term “scapul/o”?

A

Scapula

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30
Q

Describe the symptoms of fibromyalgia.

A

pain, fatigue, muscle stiffness and spasms, and sleep disturbances.

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31
Q

what is a compound fracture

A

A compound fracture is more complicated and does break through the skin (open fracture).

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32
Q

How would you describe achondroplasia

A

the development of cartilage at the epiphyses of the long bones and skull, resulting in dwarfism.

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33
Q

What is osteoporosis

A

a condition that causes bones to
become brittle and weak.

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34
Q

What is a depression fracture

A

when bone fragments of the skull are inward.

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35
Q

Define flexion and an example of a flexion movement.

A

the process of decreasing the angle of a joint. example : bending the elbow.

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36
Q

What is a greenstick fracture, and what age
group is it commonly seen?

A

compression forces in the
long bones of children under age 10

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37
Q

define short bones

A

Carpal (wrist bone), tarsal (ankle bone).

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38
Q

smallest bone and where is it located

A

stapes, in the ear

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39
Q

What is hematopoiesis, and where does it occur in the body?

A

blood formation, and it occurs in the bone marrow

40
Q

triangular bone at the base of the spine?

A

Sacrum

41
Q

costal fractures are located where

A

the ribs

42
Q

Which of the following parts make up the musculoskeletal system?

A

bones, joints, and muscles

43
Q

muscle contraction that produces
movement at a joint

A

Isotonic

44
Q

define long bone

A

Humerus (upper arm bone), femur (thigh bone).

45
Q

Define saddle joint

A

allows flexion, extension, and other movement

46
Q

What causes carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

caused by a pinched nerve in the wrist.

47
Q

what is Cardiac muscle

A

designed to allow the heart to contract and relax consistently.

48
Q

Explain the function of a hinge joint and provide examples.

A

allows movement in one axis, allowing for
flexion and extension

Examples include the elbow, knee, and fingers.

49
Q

biggest bone

A

femur

50
Q

what is a closed fracture

A

when the bone is broken but does not rupture the skin

51
Q

What anatomical structure is associated with the term “crani/o”?

A

Skull, cranium.

52
Q

Which bone is referred to as the upper arm bone?

A

Humerus.

53
Q

Describe the acromion in relation to the scapula.

A

at the lateral tip of the scapula, the highest point of the shoulder

54
Q

What is the specific name for the bone commonly known as the kneecap?

A

Patella

55
Q

A fracture that is caused by a twisting force and has fracture ends that are short

A

Oblique.

56
Q

what is skeletal muscle

A

makes up 40% of body weight, allows voluntary movement at the joints.

57
Q

What is the medical term for the structure involving the spinal cord or bone marrow?

A

Myel/o.

58
Q

What is the function of a gliding joint, and where can it be found?

A

A gliding joint allows bone surfaces to slide over one another.

Examples : bones of the wrist, ankle, and between vertebrae.

59
Q

What is ankylosing spondylitis

A

chronic inflammatory disease that causes a fusion of the spine.

60
Q

Define a bunion in anatomical terms.

A

painful enlargement and inflammation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (the base of the great toe).

61
Q

In anatomical terms, what does the prefix “dia-“ indicate?

A

Through

62
Q

What is periosteum?

A

the surrounding bone structure

63
Q

What is “-poiesis”

A

Formation

64
Q

Describe supination and when this movement occurs.

A

turning the palm upward.

Example : bowl of soup with the palm facing upward.

65
Q

Explain compression fracture and where is it seen ?

A

caused by forces that drive bones together.
seen in the vertebrae.

66
Q

_____________ is a muscle disorder that is characterized by musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, muscle stiffness and spasms, and sleep disturbances.

A

Fibromyalgia

67
Q

In the context of bone anatomy, what does the term “process” refer to?

A

raised or projected area of a bone.

68
Q

What is the purpose of arthroscopy, and how is it performed?

A

visual examination of a joint

69
Q

Define avulsion fracture

A

forceful contraction of a muscle and a bone fragment tears

70
Q

_____________ is a fragment of bone that has died as a result of disease or injury and has separated from the normal bone structure.

A

Sequestrum

71
Q

What is a ligament

A

connect bones to bones

72
Q

What is located within the bone structure and is responsible for producing blood cells?

A

The endosteum

73
Q

What is osteomalacia

A

softening of bone

74
Q

What type of tumor is osteosarcoma, and who is most affected by it?

A

a malignant tumor of bone,

also called Ewing sarcoma

it is most common in children.

75
Q

Describe tendons

A

connect muscles to bone

76
Q

What is torticollis

A

contraction of the muscles of the neck, also called wryneck.

77
Q

What is a comminuted fracture

A

caused by a severe, direct force, creates a fracture with multiple fragments.

78
Q

how many bones in the Appendicular Skeleton

A

126

79
Q

how many bones in the Axial Skeleton

A

80

80
Q

What type of muscle makes up the walls of hollow internal organs, blood vessels, respiratory system passageways, and other structures in the body?

A

Smooth muscle

81
Q

What is subluxation, and how does it differ from dislocation?

A

Subluxation is a partial dislocation of joint

Dislocation is complete separation of the joint surfaces.

82
Q

In anatomical terms, what does “orth/o” mean?

A

straight

83
Q

What are diseases causing progressive muscle weakness and loss of muscle mass?

A

Muscular Dystrophy.

84
Q

How is scoliosis characterized in terms of spinal curvature?

A

abnormal side-to-side curvature that could be in both the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spine.

85
Q

Define “diaphysis”

A

the long shaft of a bone

86
Q

What is osteomyelitis?

A

inflammation or infection of the bone and bone marrow.

87
Q

What is a pivot joint, and where is it found in the body?

A

allows rotation.

Example : in the vertebrae of the spine.

88
Q

Ischium is located in the ____

A

pelvic bone & hip

89
Q

make phalanx plural

A

phalanges

90
Q

metacarpals are in the ______

A

middle part of the hand; palm of the hand

91
Q

Lower back bone

A

Lumbar

92
Q

Protrusion of the central part of the disk that lies between the vertebrae, resulting in compression of the nerve root and pain

A

Herniated intervertebral disk

93
Q

Bone tissue that is the rigid, dense outer layer of bone

A

compact bone

94
Q

Gradual destruction of the cartilage that protects the end of a bone at the joint (Degenerative Joint Disorder (DJD))

A

Osteoarthritis

95
Q

abnormal condition of narrowing

A

stenosis

96
Q

malacia means

A

softening

97
Q

physician that specializes in physical medicine including musculoskeletal disorders

A

physiatrist

Pharmocology (6 decks)

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