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Medical Terminology Final Spring 2024 > musculoskeletal system > Flashcards

musculoskeletal system Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

What are the structures of a bone? fig 14.1 a

A
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2
Q

What are the bones of the skeleton? fig. 14.3/4

A
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3
Q

What is the axial skeleton?

A
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4
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton?

A

legs and arms

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5
Q

What are the vertebrae of the spine? fig 14.2

A

C 7
T 12
L 5

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6
Q

What are the cervical vertebrae?

A

c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 c7 (C-1 to C-7)

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7
Q

What are the thoracic vertebrae?

A

T-1 to T-12

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8
Q

What are the lumbar vertebrae?

A

L1-L5

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9
Q

What are the joints? fig 14.5

A

KNEE

Ligament: flexible tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches BONE TO JOINT

synovial cavity: synovia is a fluid secreted by the synovial membrane found in joint cavities bursae and around tendons

Meniscus: crescent shaped cartilage FOUND IN SOME JOINTS

Bursa: fluid filled sac allowing easy movement of one part of a joint over another

Tendon: band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches MUSCLE TO BONE

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of muscles?

A
  • skeletal muscles (striated) attached to bones by tendons and make movement possible/ voluntary muscles
  • cardiac muscle: cardiac muscle (KAR-dē-ak) (MUS-el): forms most of the wall of the heart. Its involuntary contraction produces the heartbeat.
    -smooth muscle (involuntary/unstriated): smooth muscles (smooth) (MUS-els) (unstriated): located in internal organs, such as the walls of blood vessels and the digestive tract. They are also called involuntary muscles because they respond to impulses from the autonomic nerves and are not controlled voluntarily.
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11
Q

arthritis

A

joint inflammation

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12
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

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13
Q

chondromalacia

A

softening of cartilage (cartilage breakdown)

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14
Q

discitis

A

inflammation of disc (infection of intervertebral disc space)

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15
Q

fibromyalgia

A

pain in the fibrous tissues and muscles ; stiffness in muscles and fatigue, disturbed sleep

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16
Q

kyphosis

A

hump in thoracic spine/ humpback

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17
Q

lordosis

A

Swayback; bending forward in lumbar spine

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18
Q

maxillitis

A

inflammation of maxilla bone

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19
Q

meniscitis

A

inflammation of meniscus

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20
Q

myasthenia

A

Muscle weakness:pain:breakdown

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21
Q

myeloma

A

Bone marrow tumor

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22
Q

osteitis

A

Bone inflammation

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23
Q

osteoarthritis

A

Bone and joint inflammation

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24
Q

osteofibroma

A

Bone tumor

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25
osteomalacia
bone softening
26
osteopenia
Bone weakening/pain
27
osteopetrosis
Osteopetrosis is group of a rare disorders that cause bones to grow abnormally and become overly dense. When bones become overly dense, they are brittle and can fracture (break) easily. In addition, bones may be misshapen and large, causing other problems in the body.
28
osteosarcoma
Bone cancer
29
polymyositis
Overview. Polymyositis (pol-e-my-o-SY-tis) is an uncommon inflammatory disease that causes muscle weakness affecting both sides of your body. Having this condition can make it difficult to climb stairs, rise from a seated position, lift objects or reach overhead.
30
scoliosis
bent spine; abnormal curve of spine
31
synoviosarcoma
Synovia cancer (cancer in tissue surrounding joints)
32
tenosynovitis
Tenosynovitis is a broad term describing the inflammation of the fluid-filled synovium within the tendon sheath. It commonly manifests as pain, swelling, and contractures, depending on the etiology.
33
fracture
break
34
gout
excessive uric acid may cause gout
35
muscular dystrophy
hereditary loss of muscle ability
36
myasthenia gravis
muscles under your voluntary control to feel weak and get tired quickly. (Not as bad as MD)
37
osteoporosis
condition in which bones become weak and brittle. Osteoporosis causes bones to become weak and brittle. The body constantly absorbs and replaces bone tissue. With osteoporosis, new bone
38
rheumatoid arthritis
inflammatory disorder usually affecting small joints in the hands and feet. In rheumatoid arthritis, the body's immune system attacks its own tissue, typically in the hands and feet. In some people, the condition can damage body systems including the skin, eyes, lung, heart and blood vessels. It affects joint linings, causing painful swelling. This may lead to bone erosion and joint deformity. Fatigue, fever and loss of appetite also can be symptoms.
39
arthrocentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid in a joint
40
arthrodesis
surgical immobilization of a joint by fusion of the adjacent bones.
41
arthroplasty
Repair of a joint
42
bursectomy
removal of a bursa
43
chrondroplasty
Repair of a cartilage
44
costectomy
Removal of rib
45
cranioplasty
Cranium repair
46
craniotomy
incision into cranium (skull)
47
discectomy
Removal of a vertebral disc
48
maxillectomy
Removal of maxilla bone
49
meniscectomy
Removal of meniscus
50
myorrhaphy
Suture of a muscle
51
ostectomy
Removal of bone
52
phalangectomy
Removal of finger or toe
53
synovectomy
Removal of a synovia
54
tenomyoplasty
Tendon muscle repair
55
tenorrhaphy
Suture of a tendon
56
vertebroplasty
Repair of a vertebrae
57
arthroscopy
Vis exam of joint
58
fx
Fracture
59
MD
Muscular dystrophy
60
MG
Myasthenia gravis; chronic disease of muscle weakness thought to be caused by nerve impulse defect to muscle cell. No true muscle paralysis
61
OA
Osteoarthritis is inflammation of the bone and joint
62
DC
Chiropractor
63
DO
Osteopath who specializes in medicine placing on emphasis on relation between/w organs and musculoskeletal system
64
HNP
Herniated nucleus pulposus is a condition in which part or all of the soft, gelatinous central portion of an intervertebral disk is forced through a weakened part of the disk, resulting in back pain and nerve root irritation
65
arthralgia
Joint pain
66
atrophy
Weakness
67
bradykinesia
Bradykinesia means slowness of movement and speed (or progressive hesitations/halts) as movements are continued. It is one of the cardinal symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD)
68
hyperkinesia
Excessive movement
69
hypertrophy
WHAT IS HYPERTROPHY? Muscle hypertrophy (known simply as hypertrophy) is an increase in the size of a muscle,
70
myalgia
Muscle pain
71
intercostal
Between ribs
72
prosthesis
an artificial body part, such as a leg, a heart, or a breast implant.
73
orthopedist
physician who specializes in the study and treatment of diseases and abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system
74
orthotics
specializes in making orthopedic appliances, such as arch supports
75
osteopath
DO specialising in dx and tx but places greater emphasis on relation b/w body organs and muculosketla systems
76
rheumatology
dr of musculoskeletal disorders characterized by inflammation and degeneration of structures
77
abduction
moving away from the midline
78
adduction
moving toward midline
79
inversion
turning inward
80
eversion
turing outward
81
flexion
movement where limb is bent, decreasing angle b/w bone and joint
82
extension
limb placed in straight position; decreasing angle b/w bone and joint
83
supination
palm up movment
84
pronation
palm down movement
85
rotation
turning around its own axis
86
circumduction
movement of a limb or extremity so that the distal end describes a circle while the proximal end remains fixed
87
Tendon
Attaches muscle to bone
88
flexible tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches BONE TO JOINT
Ligament

Medical Terminology Final Spring 2024 (14 decks)

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