Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

muscle wasting; individuals become immobile and have short lifespan

Answer 1

Muscular Dystrophy

Question 2

this system is essential for movement and provides protection, structure, and support

Answer 2

Skeletal System

Question 3

3 types of animal skeleton

Answer 3

Hydrostatic Skeleton, Exoskeleton, Endoskeleton

Question 4

it supports the body and movement even in the absence of bones

Answer 4

Hydrostatic Skeleton

Question 5

examples of hydrostatic skeleton

Answer 5

earthworms , cnidarians

Question 6

this type of skeleton is unsuitable for activities that need the body to be lifted off the ground

Answer 6

Hydrostatic Skeleton

Question 7

external covering made of hard hard materials

Answer 7

Exoskeleton

Question 8

composed pf proteins and chitin

Answer 8

Arthropods Exoskeleton

Question 9

rigid and leathery material among soft tissue

Answer 9

Endoskeleton

Question 10

Examples of Endoskeleton

Answer 10

humans and echinoderms

Question 11

this type of skeleton is composed of axial and appendicular skeleton

Answer 11

Vertebrate Skeleton

Question 12

main scaffold of the body to protect delicate internal organs

Answer 12

Axial

Question 13

example of axial skeleton

Answer 13

Skull, Vertebral column, rib cage

Question 14

example of appendicular skeleton

Answer 14

limbs ( fins, wings, arms, legs)

Question 15

consists of bones of appendages and the bones which connect the appendages to the axial skeleton

Answer 15

Appendicular

Question 16

composed of several lining tissues; supplied with nutrients and hormones

Answer 16

bones

Question 17

covers each end of bone to protect it as it glides past another bone

Answer 17

cartilage

Question 18

covers most of the length of the hone which aids in bone restructuring during fracture

Answer 18

Soft connective tissue

Question 19

maintains bone flexibility while the hard minerals enable the bone to withstand tension

Answer 19

Collagen

Question 20

composes bone length

Answer 20

Compact Bone

Question 21

it stores fats

Answer 21

Yellow bone marrow

Question 22

it produces red blood cells

Answer 22

Red bone marrow

Question 23

connective tissue that connects bones and joints

Answer 23

Ligaments

Question 24

A type of joint thay dictates bone movement and can do multiple movements like swing, lift, rotate

Answer 24

Ball nd socket joints

Question 25

A type of joint that has open and close movement only and cannot rotate

Answer 25

Hinge Joints

Question 26

A type of joint that can do rotation movements only

Answer 26

Pivot joints

Question 27

examples of ball and socket joints

Answer 27

shoulders, hips

Question 28

examples of hinge joints

Answer 28

knees, elbow

Question 29

example of pivot joint

Answer 29

neck

Question 30

it connects muscle to bones

Answer 30

Tendons

Question 31

**True or False** for bones to move, muscles attached to them must contract or shorten

Answer 31

True

Question 32

usually works in _________ pairs, such as biceps and triceps

Answer 32

antagonistic

Question 33

bring food to mouth: biceps: ______, triceps: _______

Answer 33

contract, relax

Question 34

is multinucleated and contains many myofibrils in separate bundles with proteins actin and myosin

Answer 34

Muscle Cell

Question 35

what are the proteins in Muscle cell

Answer 35

actin and myosin

Question 36

it is composed of sarcomeres arranged in a series

Answer 36

myofibrils

Question 37

a basic unit of muscle that can contract; contains thin and thick filaments alternating

Answer 37

Sarcomeres

Question 38

this type of molecule makes up **thin** filaments

Answer 38

Actin

Question 39

This type of molecule makes up of **thick** filaments

Answer 39

Myosin

Question 40

Muscle contracts when ____ filaments slide past each other

Answer 40

THIN

Question 41

it regulates contraction by sending action potential to synaptic terminal

Answer 41

motor neuron

Question 42

released from terminal to the muscle cell which then releases calcium ions from the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 42

Neurotransmitters

Question 43

what does neurotransmitter releases?

Answer 43

calcium ions (Ca2^+)

Question 44

this type of ion attaches to the binding sites in sarcomere, which induces myosin to attach to actin that causes muscle contraction

Answer 44

(Ca2^+) ions

Question 45

where does Calcium ions attach, which induces myosin to attach to actin?

Answer 45

binding sites in sarcomere

Question 46

when do muscle stops contracting?

Answer 46

when the motor neuron stops sending action potentials

Question 47

**True or False** the heavier the object needed to be lifted, the more motor is needed

Answer 47

true

Question 48

correct arrangement of muscle structure from the smallest to the biggest

Answer 48

sarcomere -> myofibril -> muscle fiber -> muscle

Question 49

Which skeleton forms the armor of arthropods such as spiders?

Answer 49

Exoskeleton

Question 50

A bone contains all the following except Cartilage, red bone marrow, actin and myosin, blood vessels

Answer 50

Actin and myosin

Question 51

Which joint allows the most room for movement?

Answer 51

Ball-and-socket joint

Question 52

Describe how muscles move

Answer 52

Pairs of muscles work as antagonists

Question 53

Human red blood cell : no nucleus; Muscle cell : ___________

Answer 53

Multi-nucleated

Question 54

Which is true about your sliding filament mechanism? a. Thin filaments shorten b. Sarcomere lengthening c. Thick filaments shorten d. Z lines expand

Answer 54

A

Question 55

Which is not involve in inducing muscle contraction

Answer 55

Sodium ions