Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Describe bone

Answer 1

Bone is made up of living cells and is covered in periosteum

Question 2

What are long bones

Answer 2

Arm bones (humerus, radius) and legs (femur and tibia)

Question 3

What are short bones

Answer 3

Wrist and ankle bones

Question 4

What are flat bones

Answer 4

Skull, ribs and sternum

Question 5

What are irregular bones

Answer 5

Hip bone and vertebrae

Question 6

What are the function of flat bones

Answer 6

Protect the organs

Question 7

What are functions of long bones

Answer 7

Strength, structure and mobility

Question 8

What is the function of short bones

Answer 8

Skill and ease of movement

Question 9

What is the function of irregular bones

Answer 9

Provide sites for muscle attachment and allow movement and felxability along with support

Question 10

What are the overall functions of bones

Answer 10

Provide a frame for the body
Give shape to the body
Allow for movement
Produce blood cells
Store calcium and phosphorus

Question 11

What are the functions of muscles

Answer 11

Allow for movement
Maintain posture/support
Produce body heat

Question 12

What is a joint

Answer 12

Point at which two or more bones meet

Question 13

What are the three major types of joint and briefly describe

Answer 13

Fibrous or immovable
Cartilaginous or slightly moveable
Synovial or freely movable

Question 14

What are tendons and what are their functions

Answer 14

Strong tough connective tissue.
Function - to connect to muscles to your bones
Lets us move our limbs
Help prevent muscle injury

Question 15

What are ligaments

Answer 15

Strong bands of connective tissue connect two bones together

Question 16

What are normal findings of musculoskeletal system

Answer 16

Adequate muscle strength
Full or functional ROM
Able to perform fine movements
Movements are smooth
Able to maintain posture

Question 17

What are three type of muscles

Answer 17

Voluntary or striated
Involantary or smooth
Cardiac- looks similar to striated but is involuntary

Question 18

What are the functions of muscles

Answer 18

Allow for movement
Maintain posture/support
Produce heat

Question 19

What are some muscles to know

Answer 19

Biceps, trapezius, deltoid, triceps, tendons, hamstrings, quadriceps

Question 20

What is mobility and what is exercise

Answer 20

Ability to move
Exercise is planned and goal driven

Question 21

What factors influence exercise/mobility

Answer 21

Illness
Injury
Aging
Lifestyle
Cultural

Question 22

What are effects of immobility

Answer 22

Deconditioning
Contractures
Muscle atrophy
Orthostratic hypotension

Question 23

What is foot drop

Answer 23

Permanent dorsiflexion

Question 24

What are some causes of falls

Answer 24

Mechanical - improper use of equipment
Poor fitting shoes
Cluttered room

Client related factors - decreased vision
Deconditioned
Cognitive impairment

Care giver - rushing, call bells, items in reach, bed alarm

Question 25

What is fractures

Answer 25

A break in the bone the tissues around the fracture including muscles, blood vessels, nerves and tendons are usually injured

Question 26

What are two different type of fractures

Answer 26

Open and closed fractures

Question 27

What is signs and symptoms of fractures

Answer 27

Bent or out of position Pain Swelling Color or bruising

Question 28

What is amputation

Answer 28

It may be traumatic or surgical Person may experience phantom limb pain

Question 29

What is amputation

Answer 29

It may be traumatic or surgical Person may experience phantom limb pain

Question 30

What is hca role is amputation

Answer 30

Assist with prosthesis car Provide assist with skin care assess skin breakdown

Question 31

What is treatment for fractures

Answer 31

Reduction - closed, open (hardware) Immobilization (cast, tight shoe) Do not move person unless in danger

Question 32

What is osteoporosis and the risk factors

Answer 32

Bones become more brittle and fracture easily Risk factors - decreases estrogen after menopause Lack of vitamin d Lifestyle factors (smoking)

Question 33

What is prevention for osteoporosis

Answer 33

Care with moving, positioning Safety from accidents Promote healthy diet Assist with exercise Assist medications

Question 34

What is arthritis

Answer 34

Joint inflammation is the most common joint disease.

Question 35

What are difference between osteoarthritis or rheumatioid arthritis

Answer 35

Osteoarthritis - causes cartilage to wear away bones rub together it is worse later in day. Pain stiffness with activity Rheumatoid arthritis - autoimmune disease Progressive. It is worse in morning. Fever fatigue

Question 36

Caring for arthritis

Answer 36

Positioning Ice/heat Safety Self esteem Independence Weight loss Walking aids