Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

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What is the OIA for Sternomastoid

Answer 1

Origin: Sternal head and clavicular head
Insertion: Mastoid process of the temporal bone and lateral half of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone
Action: rotation of the head to the opposite side and flexion of the neck + helps elevate the sternum and clavicles, which can aid in deeper breathing.

Question 2

OIA for Clavotrapezius (Human: Trapezius)

Answer 2

Origin: the superior nuchal line and median dorsal line of the skull.
Insertion: the clavicle
Action: elevating the scapula (shoulder blade), retracting the scapula, and extending the neck

Question 3

What is OIA for Pectoralis Major

Answer 3

Origin: Clavicular head and Sternocostal head
Insertion: the lateral lip of humerus
Action: adduct and medially rotate the arm at the shoulder joint.

Question 4

What is OIA for Pectoralis Minor

Answer 4

Origin: anterior surfaces of the third, fourth, and fifth ribs
Insertion: the coracoid process of the scapula
Action: stabilization, depression, abduction or protraction, internal rotation and downward rotation of the scapula.

Question 5

OIA for Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 5

Origin: thoracic vertebrae (main)
Insertion: intertubercular groove of the humerus
Action: adduct, extend, and medially rotate the arm at the shoulder joint

Question 6

OIA for External abdominal oblique

Answer 6

Origin: the lateral surfaces of the lower 8 ribs
Insertion: (mainly) inserts onto the linea alba (more info needed)
Action: flexing, laterally flexing, and rotating the trunk

Question 7

OIA for Rectus abdominis:

Answer 7

Origin: Pubic Symphysis and Pubic crest (upper border of pelvic bone)
Insertion: Xiphoid process of Sternum and coastal cartilage of ribs (5-8)
Action: Flexion of the trunk (flexion of thoracic and lumber spine)

Question 8

Brachioradialis OIA

Answer 8

Origin: lateral ridge of Humerus
Insertion: ?
Action: Flex the forearm at the elbow joint

Question 9

Biceps Brachii (deep) OIA

Answer 9

Origin: Scapula → Short and Long head
Insertion: Radius and deep fascia (more info needed (?))
Action: flexes the elbow and supinate (when arm held down for palm to face down as well) the forearm

Question 10

OIA for Triceps Brachii

Answer 10

Need to have OIA for each head??? Has 3 muscles within it: Long head; Lateral head; Medial head
Long head:
Origin: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Insertion: posterior surface of the olecranon process of the ulna, capsule of the elbow joint and antebrachial fascia.
Action: Extends elbow, keeps humerus in place, aids in extension and adduction of the arm at the shoulder joint
Lateral head
Origin: posterior aspect of the humerus, superior to the radial groove
Insertion: Posterior surface of the olecranon process of the ulna, capsule of the elbow joint and antebrachial fascia.
Action: Strongest head of the three, extends forearm at the elbow joint when the forearm is supinated or pronated
Medial head:
Origin: posterior aspect of humerus, inferior to the radial groove
Insertion: Posterior surface of the olecranon process of the ulna, capsule of the elbow joint and antebrachial fascia
Action: Extends the forearm at the elbow joint when the forearm is supinated or pronated

Question 11

OIA for Acromiodeltoid (Human: Deltoid):

Answer 11

Origin: lateral and superior part of acromion (top, outer edge) of scapula
Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity on the humerus
Action: abducts the arm at the glenohumeral joint (shoulder)

Question 12

OIA for Gracilis

Answer 12

Originates from the body and inferior part of pubis
Inserts on medial surface near tibia
Is to abduct the thigh at the hip and flex the knee

Question 13

OIA for Sartorius

Answer 13

Originates from body and inferior ramus of pubis
Is to abduct the thigh at the hip and flex the knee
Inserts on medial surface near tibia

Question 14

OIA for Tibialis anterior

Answer 14

Origin: the upper portion of the tibia
Insertion: the base of the first metatarsal bone.
Action: Dorsiflexion of the ankle joint (lifts the front of the foot towards the shin)

Question 15

OIA for Quadriceps Muscle Group - Vastus lateralis

Answer 15

Originates from the lateral lip of part of the femur
Inserts at the base of the patella
Actions: Extends the knee joint and stabilises the patella

Question 16

OIA for Quadriceps Muscle Group - Rectus femoris

Answer 16

Attachments: Originates from the straight and reflected head ilium
Inserts at the base of the patella
Actions: extend knee and acts as hip flexor

Question 17

OIA for Quadriceps Muscle Group - Vastus medialis

Answer 17

Origin: The intertrochanteric line and medial lip of the linea aspera
Actions: Extends the knee joint and stabilises the patella

Question 18

Hamstring Group OIA - Biceps femoris

Answer 18

The origin of the long head is the ischial tuberosity of the pelvis, while the short head originates from the linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of the femur. Both heads insert onto the head of the fibula and the lateral condyle of the tibia
Flexes the knee, rotates the tibia laterally (when the knee is flexed), and extends the hip joint.
Primarily on the fibular head, also on the lateral collateral ligament and lateral tibial condyle

Question 19

Hamstring Group OIA - Semitendinosus

Answer 19

Ischial tuberosity (posterior part of the pelvis)
Flexes the knee joint, Extends the hip joint, Medially rotates the tibia (when the knee is flexed), and Helps to stabilize the knee joint
Medial surface of the tibia (upper part)

Question 20

Hamstring Group OIA - Semimembranosus

Answer 20

Superior lateral quadrant of the ischial tuberosity.
Extends the thigh (hip joint). Flexes the knee. Medially rotates the tibia (at the knee, especially when the knee is flexed).
Posterior surface of the medial tibial condyle.

Question 21

Hamstring Group OIA - Gastrocnemius

Answer 21

Medial head: Posterior surface of the medial condyle of the femur Lateral head: Posterior surface of the lateral condyle of the femur
Plantarflexion of the ankle joint Flexion of the knee joint Assists in standing, walking, running, and jumping
Calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon).

Question 22

Gluteus maximus OIA

Answer 22

Posterior aspect of the dorsal ilium, posterior to the posterior gluteal line. Posterior superior iliac crest. Posterior inferior aspect of the sacrum and coccyx. Sacrotuberous ligament. Thoracolumbar fascia and gluteal aponeurosis.
Extension: The primary function is to extend the thigh at the hip joint, which involves straightening the leg at the hip. Lateral Rotation: Assists in externally rotating the thigh, which involves rotating the leg outward at the hip. Abduction: Contributes to abduction of the thigh, moving the leg away from the body’s midline. Pelvic Stabilization: Helps stabilize the pelvis and support the trunk, particularly when standing on one leg.
iliotibial tract (or band) and gluteal tuberosity of the femur.