musculoskeletal system

Question 1

define tendonitis

Answer 1

inflammation of a tendon

Question 2

Tendinosis

Answer 2

• degeneration of a tendon (chronic)

Question 3

tenosynovitis

Answer 3

inflammation of a sheath of a tendon

• DeQuervain’s tenosynovitis

Question 4

define tendinopathy

Answer 4

• disease of a tendon often painful overuse tendon condition
• tendonitis or tendinosis

Question 5

define tremor

Answer 5

• involuntary, somewhat rhythmic, muscle movement involving to and fro movements (oscillations) of one or more body parts

Question 6

define spasticity

Answer 6

• velocity dependent resistance to muscle stretch

Question 7

define strain

Answer 7

trauma to a muscle

Question 8

define arthritis

Answer 8

joint inflammation

Question 9

define arthrosis

Answer 9

• joint degeneration

Question 10

define arthralgia

Answer 10

joint pain

Question 11

define arthropathy

Answer 11

disease of the joint

Question 12

define bursitis

Answer 12

inflammation of a bursa (shoulder, elbows, knees, hip)

Question 13

Define crepitus

Answer 13

• crunching or grating sound/feel
• degenerative bony changes “bone on bone”, inflammation of tendon sheaths

Question 14

define sprain

Answer 14

trauma to a ligament

Question 15

Describe Active vs Passive ROM

Answer 15

• Active is carried out by patient
• Passive is aided by provider
• Normally, Passive ROM will be greater than active
• Test active ROM first so that ranges of pain and guarding may be observed before passive ROM

Question 16

What is a sign of neurologic weaknes?

Answer 16

Smooth weakness

• painless is more indivative of neruologic
• break-away weakness (pain inhibition - it hurts to resist or poor effort is more likely MSK weakness than neuro)

Question 17

C5

Answer 17

• Elbow flexion and shoulder ABduction
• Biceps brachii reflex

Question 18

C6

Answer 18

• Wrist extension
• brachioradialis reflex

Question 19

C7

Answer 19

• Elbow extensors (triceps)
• Triceps reflex

Question 20

C8

Answer 20

• Long finger flexors

Question 21

T1

Answer 21

• small finger ABductors

–> spread fingers

Question 22

L2

Answer 22

Hip flexors

Question 23

L3

Answer 23

knee extensors

Question 24

L4

Answer 24

Ankle dorsiflexors

• Patellar reflex

Question 25

L5

Answer 25

- Long toe extensors - Medial hamstring reflex

Question 26

S1

Answer 26

ankle plantar flexors - achellies reflex

Question 27

Describe the muscle strength grading system

Answer 27

0 = no evidence of movement 1= trace movements 2 = full range of motion with GRAVITY ELIMINATED 3 = full range of motion AGAINST GRAVITY, but NOT AGAINST RESISTANCE 4 = Full range of motion against Gravity and WITH resistance, but weak 5 = full range of motion against gravity, full strength

Question 28

General characteristics of ligament evaluation

Answer 28

- evalulate ligaments with ELONGATING them by PUSHING or PULLING bones they stabilize to assess for partial or complete tears

Question 29

General characteristics of Joint surface evaluation

Answer 29

- Evaluate joint surfaces with RUBBING THEM AGAINST EACH OTHER to assess for PAIN due to trauma/arthritis/degeneration etc

Question 30

General characteristics of Vartilages evaluations

Answer 30

- Evaluate Cartilages (like menisci) by GENTLY SQUEEZING them between BONES or trying to find movements of the menisci that are excessive or limited or painful

Question 31

define trendelenburg sign

Answer 31

- pelvis SAGS DOWNWARD on UNAFFECTED SIDE

Question 32

define Genu valgu and Genu varum

Answer 32

Genu valgum = knocked knee Genu Varum = bow legged

Question 33

Define ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 33

- chronic inflammatory disease of the spine and sacroiliac joints - more common in males - can start to fuse the sacroiliac joints and continue upwards - Person has a characteristics appearance (hunched forward, head is looking down)