Musculoskeletal system

Question 1

Given examples of axial bones.

Answer 1

Cranium, vertebrae, ribs and pelvis

Question 2

Give examples of appendicular bones.

Answer 2

Humerus, femur, tibia and the carpals

Question 3

What is the purpose of long bones? Give an example

Answer 3

Long bones act as levers in the body. E.g. tibia and fibula

Question 4

What is the purpose of short bones? Give an example

Answer 4

Short bones allow for lots of movement. E.g. metatarsals

Question 5

What is the purpose of irregular bones? Give an example

Answer 5

Irregular bones are for protection. E.g. vertebrae

Question 6

What is the purpose of flat bones? Give an example

Answer 6

Flat bones allow muscles to slide over them. E.g. scapular

Question 7

What is the purpose of sesamoid bones? Give an example

Answer 7

Sesamoid bones are also for protection. E.g kneecap

Question 8

What is the name of the bone that is sometimes known as the shoulder blades?

Answer 8

Scapular

Question 9

What is the name of the bone that is sometimes known as the skull?

Answer 9

Cranium

Question 10

What is the name of the bone that is sometimes known as the collar bone?

Answer 10

Clavicle

Question 11

What is the name of the bone that runs down the centre of the top few ribs?

Answer 11

Sternum

Question 12

What is the name of the bone that runs from your shoulder to elbow?

Answer 12

Humerus

Question 13

Which side of the arm does the radius lie?

Answer 13

On the inside of your arm, joins to the thumb.

Question 14

Which side of the arm does the ulna lie?

Answer 14

On the outside of the arm

Question 15

What is the name of the bones that form or spine?

Answer 15

Vertebrae

Question 16

What is the name of the bone at the bottom of your spine?

Answer 16

Sacrum

Question 17

What is the name give to the bones that form a cage around your lungs?

Answer 17

Ribs

Question 18

What is the name of the bone that covers the front of the knee?

Answer 18

Patella

Question 19

What is the name of the bones in your hand (from wrist to fingertips)?

Answer 19

Carpals, metacarpals, phalanges.

Question 20

What is the name of the bones in your feet (from ankle to toes)

Answer 20

Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges.

Question 21

What is an agonist?

Answer 21

The muscles that contract and instigates the action.

Question 22

What is an antagonist?

Answer 22

The muscle that relaxes in order to allow the action to happen.

Question 23

What are fixators and synergists?

Answer 23

The surrounding muscles that are working hard to support and hold the contraction of the agonist.

Question 24

What is meant by the term, reciprocal pairs?

Answer 24

As one muscle contracts and shortens, the other partner muscle extends and lengthens.

Question 25

What is the name of the muscle that runs down the back of the legs?

Answer 25

Hamstrings

Question 26

What is the name of the muscle that is sometimes referred to as your calf?

Answer 26

Gastrocnemius

Question 27

What is the name of the muscle at the back of the ankle?

Answer 27

Achilles tendon

Question 28

What is the name of the large muscle in your bottom?

Answer 28

Gluteus maximus

Question 29

What is the name of the muscle that runs up the centre of your back

Answer 29

Erector spinae

Question 30

What is the name of the muscle in your back that runs on either side?

Answer 30

Latissimus dorsi

Question 31

What is the name of the muscle in the back of your arm?

Answer 31

Triceps

Question 32

What is the name of the muscles either side of your neck?

Answer 32

Trapezius

Question 33

What is the name of the muscle in your shoulder?

Answer 33

Deltoid

Question 34

What is the name of the muscle in the front of your arm?

Answer 34

Biceps

Question 35

What is the name of the muscle at the front of the top of the legs?

Answer 35

Hip flexor

Question 36

What is the name of the muscle that runs either side of your abdominals?

Answer 36

Obliques

Question 37

What is the name of the muscle on the inside of the top of the legs?

Answer 37

Adductors

Question 38

What is the name of the muscle on the outside of the top of the legs?

Answer 38

Abductors

Question 39

What is the name of the large muscle in the front of the leg?

Answer 39

Quadricep

Question 40

What is the name of the muscle at the front of the ankle?

Answer 40

Soleus

Question 41

What is the role of the atlas and axis?

Answer 41

Allow the action of rotation to happen in the neck

Question 42

What are the names given to the sections of the spine (from top to bottom)

Answer 42

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumber, Sacrum and Coccyx.

Question 43

How many vertebrae make up the cervical region of the spine?

Answer 43

7

Question 44

How many vertebrae make up the thoracic region of the spine?

Answer 44

12

Question 45

How many vertebrae make up the lumber region of the spine?

Answer 45

5

Question 46

How is the spine used in ballet?

Answer 46

Posture of the ballet dancer is erect and so the vertebral column is straight

Question 47

How is the spine used in contemporary?

Answer 47

In contemporary the vertebrae are constantly moving. Merce Cunningham= curves, high release, twists and tilts Martha Graham= contraction, release, high release and spirals.

Question 48

How is the spine used in african dance?

Answer 48

In african dance there is lots of rippling of the vertebrae

Question 49

How is the spine used in Irish dance?

Answer 49

In Irish dance the spine is kept completely still and held.

Question 50

What is a tendon?

Answer 50

A tendon is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone. Tendons are designed to withstand tension.

Question 51

What is a ligament?

Answer 51

Ligaments connect bone to bone to form a joint. They limit mobility and can prevent certain movements.

Question 52

What is the role of a capsular ligament?

Answer 52

Capsular ligaments act as mechanical reinforcements to provide stability.

Question 53

How can you achieve a greater range of motion in your joints? What is the danger with this?

Answer 53

Ligaments lengthen when under tension. By stretching, the ligaments will lengthen and gain more movement. If the ligaments become overstretched, a ligament sprain is likely to occur.

Question 54

What is cartilage?

Answer 54

Firm tissue, softer and more flexible than bone.

Question 55

What is the function of cartilage?

Answer 55

Helps to provide a smooth, slippery surface for when the ends of bone move. It also acts as a shock absorber in the knees.