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PANCE > Musculoskeletal system (8%) > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal system (8%) Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Compartment syndrome is most commonly associated with what?

A

Long bone fractures

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2
Q

A complication of compartment syndrome is

A

Rhabdomyolysis

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3
Q

Findings of rhabdomyolysis

A

Myoglobinuria (coke colored urine, 3+ on urine dipstick but NO RBCs on micro)
Kidney failure: High potassium and phosphate, Low calcium

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4
Q

morning stiffness with osteoarthritis usually lasts

A

LESS than 30 mins

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5
Q

Heberden and Bouchard nodes are found with what condition

A

Osteoarthritis

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6
Q

MCP joints are spared with what condition?

A

Osteoarthritis

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7
Q

Bouchard node is what joint

A

PIP

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8
Q

Heberden node

A

DIP

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9
Q

These Xray findings are suggestive of what condition:
- Joint space narrowing
- Osteophyte formation
- Subchondral bone cysts
- Subchondral bone sclerosis

A

Osteoarthritis

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10
Q

Back pain that is worse in the morning and IMPROVES with rest is likely

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis

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11
Q

What Xray finding is suggestive of Ankylosing Spondylitis

A

Bamboo spine

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12
Q

HLA-B27 is associated with

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis

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13
Q

what findings would suggest cauda equina

A
  • Saddle anesthesia
  • Urinary retention = incontinence
  • Bowel dysfunction
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14
Q

Dx of cauda equina

A

Emergent MRI

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15
Q

Tx cauda equina

A

Emergent neurosurgical consult for decompression

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16
Q

+ Spurling Maneuver = limb pain or paresthesia is produce is for what dx

A

cervical radiculopathy

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17
Q

Dx of cervical radiculopathy

A

MRI

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18
Q

what is podagra

A

gout of the foot, especially the big toe (MTP)

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19
Q

Negatively birefringent, needle like crystals indicate

A

Gout

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20
Q

Pseudogout is most commonly in the

A

Knee

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21
Q

what medication can cause pseudogout

A

Thiazide diuretics

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22
Q

Rhomboid shaped crystals and positively birefringent indicate

A

Pseudogout

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23
Q

Xray finding suggestive of pseudogout

A

Chondrocalcinosis

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24
Q

what is the primary cause of osteoporosis

A

Postmenopausal loss of estrogen

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25
T score of -1.0 to -2.5
Osteopenia
26
T score <-2.5
Osteoporosis
27
what is the definition of severe osteoporosis
T score <-2.5 and fragility fracture
27
Two side effects of bisphosphonates
Jaw necrosis and pill esophagitis
28
What are two pharmacological approaches to treating osteoporosis
1) Antiresorptives (slow bone loss) ie bisphosphonates 2) Bone forming (anabolic) ie parathyroid hormone
29
When to screen for osteoporosis
Women 65yrs and older
30
Polymyalgia rheumatica is associated with what condition
Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis)
31
Epidemiology of polymyagia rheumatic
W>M, >50yrs
32
- Symmetrical aching pain in the shoulders and hip girdle with prolonged morning stiffness (>30 mins)
Likely polymyagia rheumatic
33
Tx of polymyagia rheumatic
Corticosteroids
34
What are two causes of Reactive arthritis
Recent GI infections (Campylobacter jejuni) OR STI infections (Chlamydia trachomatis)
35
- Arthritis in the lower extremities (knee) - Ocular inflammation - Urethritis, cervicitis with preceding GI or STI infection
Reactive arthritis
36
Laboratory findings suggestive of Rheumatoid arthritis
+Rheumatoid factor +anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP) most specific
37
Xray findings are suggest of - joint space narrowing - periarticular osteopenia - joint erosions
Rheumatoid arthritis
38
First line treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis
Methotrexate
39
Swan neck and boutonniere deformities are found with what condition
Reactive arthritis
40
pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
inflammatory autoimmune disease, type III hypersensitivity reaction
41
How is the Malar rash of lupus different from the rash of Roscea
SLE butterfly rash - SPARES the nasolabial folds Roscea does not spare the nasolabial folds
42
What laboratory studies are suggestive of SLE (lupus)
+ ANA + Anti-double stranded DNA + Anti-Smith antibodies
43
First line treatment of Lupus
Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine
44
CREST syndrome is associated with
Scleroderma
45
what is CREST syndrome
Calcinosis Raynaud phenomenon Esophageal dysmobility Sclerodactyly Telangiectasias
46
what laboratory findings are suggestive of scleroderma
+ ANA + ANA-Scl-70 (diffuse scleroderma) or + Anti-centromere antibodies (Limited scleroderma)
47
Pharmacology for Raynaud phenomenon
CCB
48
What are two complications of diffuse scleroderma
1. Interstitial lung disease 2. Pulmonary hypertension
49
what is sjogren syndrome
Chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder causing destruction of exocrine glands (salivary and lacrimal)
50
Dry eyes / gritty feeling (keratoconjunctivitis) Xerostomia (dry mouth and decreased saliva production) in a women 40-60yrs is most likely
sjogren syndrome
51
what laboratory findings are suggestive of sjogren syndrome
+antiSS-A (RO) and +antiSS-B (La) antibodies
52
what condition would a +Schirmer test be for
sjogren syndrome
53
Treatment of sjogren syndrome
1. artificial tears 2. Cholinergic agonists (pilocarpine)
54
Plain radiograph findings of midshaft of long bones lytic lesions with "onion skinning" is suggestive of what diagnosis
Ewing sarcoma
55
what is the 2nd most common malignant bone tumor in adolescents and young adults
Ewing sarcoma
56
What is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children
Osteosarcoma
57
Plain radiograph findings of sunburst pattern (periosteal reaction) is suggestive of what diagnosis
Osteosarcoma
58
osteosarcoma is most often found where in long bones
metaphyseal region of long bones
59
What is osteomyelitis?
bone infection
60
what is the most common cause (organism) of osteomyelitis?
Staphylococcus aureus
61
What is the initial imaging for osteomyelitis VS the most sensitive imaging.
Initial: Xray Most sensitive: MRI
62
Definitive diagnosis of osteomyelitis
Bone biopsy
63
What is the most common cause of septic arthritis?
Staph aureus
64
If a young and sexually active with risky sexual behaviors and practices presents with septic arthritis - what organism is likely the cause?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
65
Septic arthritis most commonly affects what joint
Knee
66
how to confirm the diagnosis of septic arthritis
Arthrocentesis
67
Treatment of septic arthritis
Joint drainage or debridement and antibiotics (vancomycin plus ceftriaxone)

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