Musculoskeletal system anatomy review Flashcards
(22 cards)
bones function and info
Provide structure and
protection
Levers
Store calcium
206 bones in skeletal system
Formed by tissue called osteoblasts
creation of blood cells
Characteristics of bone
Compact – hard, dense, shaft, outer layers
Spongy- ends and center of bones
Periosteum – covers the bone
Osteoblasts (new)
Osteoclasts (breakdown)
Red marrow (cells)
Yellow marrow (fat)
Long (humerus), short (carpals), flat (sternum), irregular (hips)
femur
major bones of the body (head to toe)
types of Muscles
Account for 40-50% of the body’s weight
Three types of muscles:
Cardiac - heart
Smooth – wall of internal organs
Skeletal- voluntary (650)
major muscles of the body (anterior)
major muscles of the body posterior
joints
Place where 2 or more bones meet
Provides ROM for the body
Fibrous:
Joined by fibrous connective tissue, immovable
Cartilaginous:
Between vertebra; joined by cartilage
Synovial:
Shoulders, wrists, hips, ankles
Space between bones filled with synovial fluid
Enclosed by a fibrous capsule made of connective tissue and connected to the periosteum of the bone
Some contain bursae
Tendons of the knee
connect muscle to bone
Ligaments of the knee
Bursa
Disc shaped sacs
Synovial fluid
cushion
Major joints of
the body
Temporomandibular
articulation between the temporal bone and mandible. (jaw motion)
opens and closes mouth
projects and retracts the jaw
moves jaw from side to side
elbow
articulation between the ulna and radius of the lower arm and the humerus of the upper arm; contains a synovial and membrane and several bursae
allows flexion and extension of the forearm
supination and pronation of the forearm
sternoclavicular
junction between the manubrium of the sternum and the clavicle; has no obvious movement
shoulder
articulation of the head of the humerus in glenoid cavity of the scapula. The acromioclavicular joint includes the clavicle and acromion process of the scapula. it contains the subacromial and subscapular bursae
range of motion:
flexion and extension
abduction and adduction
circumduction
rotation
wrist, fingers and thumb
articulation between the distal radius, ulnar bone, carpals and metacarpals. Contains ligaments and is lined with synovial membrane
vertabrae
33 bones: 2 concave shaped cervical; 12 convex shaped thoracic; 5 concave shaped lumbar; 5 sacral; 3-4 coccygeal, connected in a vertical column.
Bones are cushioned by in vertebral discs that provide flexibility and posture to the spine.
motion: flexion, hyperextension, lateral bending, rotation
HIP
articulation between the head of the femur and the acetabulum, contains a fibrous capsule
motion:
flexion with knee flexed and knee extended
extension and hyperextension
circumduction
rotation
abduction
adduction
Knee
aritculation of the femur, tibia, and patella; contains fibrocartilaginous disks and many bursae
ankle and foot
articulation netween the talus, tibia, and fibula. the talus also articulates with the navicular bones. the heel is connected to tibia and fibula by ligaments
joint movement key words
Circumduction – circular motion
Inversion – moving inward
Eversion – moving outward
Extension – straightening the
extremity at the joint and
decreasing the angle of the joint
Dorsiflexion – toes draw upward to ankle
Plantar flexion – toes point away from ankle
Pronation – turning or facing downward
Supination – turning or facing upward
Protraction – moving forward
Retraction – moving backward
Rotation – turning of a bone on its own long axis
Internal Rotation – turning of a bone toward the center of the body
External Rotation – turning of a bone away from the center of the body
