Musculoskeletal System - Gait Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the ROM requirements for normal gait (at the hip, knee and ankle)?
- Hip: 10-0-30
- Knee: 0-60
- Ankle: 10-0-20
Compare standard vs Rancho Los Amigos terminology. For example, Heel strike : Initial contact.
Heel Strike : Initial Contact Foot Flat : Loading Response Midstance : Midstance Heel Off : Terminal Stance Toe Off : Pre-Swing Acceleration : Initial Swing Midswing : Midswing Deceleration : Terminal Swing
Average cadence during gait?
110-120 steps per minute
Degree of toe-out during gait?
7*
Amount of pelvic rotation during gait?
8* (4 fwd, 4 back)
Average step length and stride length during gait?
28* and 56*, respectively
List the biomechanics at the PELVIS during normal full gait cycle.
Initial Swing: Backward rotation 4-5* Midswing: Neutral rotation Terminal Swing: Forward rotation 4-5* Initial Contact: Forward rotation 4-5* Loading Response: Less forward rotation Midstance: Neutral rotation Terminal Stance: Backward rotation 4-5* Pre-Swing: Backward rotation 4-5*
List the biomechanics at the HIP during normal full gait cycle.
Initial Swing: Flexion 20* Midswing: Flexion 20-30* Terminal Swing: Flexion 30* Initial Contact: Flexion 30* Loading Response: Flexion 30* Midstance: Extending to neutral Terminal Stance: Apparent hyperextension 10* Pre-Swing: Neutral extension
List the biomechanics at the KNEE during normal full gait cycle.
Initial Swing: Flexion 60* Midswing: Flexion 60-30* Terminal Swing: Extension to 0* Initial Contact: Full extension Loading Response: Flexion 15* Midstance: Extending to neutral Terminal Stance: Full extension Pre-Swing: Flexion 35*
List the biomechanics at the ANKLE during normal full gait cycle.
Initial Swing: PF 10* Midswing: Neutral Terminal Swing: Neutral Initial Contact: Neutral heel first Loading Response: PF 15* Midstance: PF to 10* DF Terminal Stance: Neutral with tibia stable and heel off prior to initial contact opposite foot Pre-Swing: PF 20*
Describe an antalgic gait pattern.
- Stance time decreased
- Rapid and shorter swing phase of uninvolved limb
Describe an ataxic gait pattern
- Staggering and unsteadiness
- Wide BOS
- Movements exaggerated
Describe a cerebellar gait pattern.
- Staggering gait pattern seen in cerebellar disease
Describe a circumduction gait pattern.
- Circular motion to advance the leg during swing phase
- Used to compensate for lack of hip or knee flexion or dorsiflexion
Describe a double step gait pattern.
- Alternate steps are of a different length or at a different rate
Describe an equine gait pattern.
- High steps; usually involves excess gastrocnemius activity.
Describe a festinating gait pattern.
- Patient walks on toes as though pushed. Starts slowly, increases, and may continue until the patient grasps an object in order to stop.
Describe a hemiplegic gait pattern.
- Patients abduct the paralyzed limb, swing it around, and bring it forward so the foot comes to the ground in front of them.
Describe a Parkinsonian gait pattern.
- Increased forward flexion of the trunk and knees; gait is shuffling with quick, small, festinating steps.
Describe a scissoring gait pattern.
- Legs cross midline upon advancement.
Describe a spastic gait pattern.
- Stiff movement, toes seeming to catch and drag, legs held together, and hip and knee joints slightly flexed.
Describe a steppage gait pattern.
- Feet and toes are lifted through hip and knee flexion to excessive heights; usually 2* to DF weakness. The foot will slap at initial contact with ground 2* to decreased control.
Describe a tabetic gait pattern.
- A high stepping ataxic gait pattern in which the feet slap the ground.
Describe a trandelenberg gait pattern.
- A gait pattern that denotes gluteus mediums weakness; excessive lateral trunk flexion and weight shifting on the stance leg.
