Musculoskeletal Topics

Question 1

What are tests we can use for SIJ dysfunction

Answer 1

• gillets test
• ipsilateral anterior rotation test
• gaenslens test
• long sitting (supine to sitting) test
• goldthwaits test

Question 2

SIJ dysfunction intervention

Answer 2

• correct muscle imbalances in pelvis (strengthening, flexibility, coordination exercises)
• patient education on eliminating harmful positions + postural education
• sacroiliac belt

Question 3

Torticollis is spasm or tightness of ________ muscle, dysfunction is observed as ________ towards affected side and _______ away from affected side

Answer 3

• sternocleidomastoid
• side flexion
• rotation

Question 4

Signs & symptoms of torticollis

Answer 4

• movement of head is not easy
• soft lump in baby’s neck muscle
• preferring to breastfeed on one side only
• positional plagiocephaly (flathead)

Question 5

If a baby has right torticollis, their positional plagiocephaly is typically on the _____ side of the back of the head.

Answer 5

Left

Question 6

If a baby has right torticollis which side should the mother turn his head to as a treatment

Answer 6

Right side

Question 7

What’s the term used to describe injuries sustained due to sudden acceleration - deceleration movements such as motor vehicle accident

Answer 7

Whiplash associated disorder (WAD)

Question 8

The term WAD often is used to refer to the mechanism of injury rather than presence of certain symptoms such pain, stiffness, etc … true or false

Answer 8

True

Question 9

How many grades of WAD are there

Answer 9

5

Question 10

No complaints about the neck, no physical signs what grade of WAD is this

Answer 10

0

Question 11

Complaint of neck pain, stiffness, tenderness but no physical signs what grade of WAD is this

Answer 11

1

Question 12

Neck complains, muskuloskeletal signs such as decreased ROM and point tenderness what grade of WAD is this

Answer 12

2

Question 13

Neck complaint, neurological signs such as decreased reflexes weakness and sensory deficits what grade of WAD is this

Answer 13

3

Question 14

Neck fracture / dislocation what grade of WAD is this

Answer 14

4

Question 15

What’s the prognosis of WAD

Answer 15

Unknown / Unpredictable (can remain acute with full recovery or progress to chronic long term pain)

Question 16

WAD intervention

Answer 16

• deep neck flexor strengthening (increase cervical stability)
• pain free ROM to regain ROM
• isometric exercises (decrease pain)

Question 17

Pain referred from a specific source in the neck upto the head, commonly steady ache or dull (headache) caused by abnormalities in upper cervical region (disc, joints, ligaments) or history of trauma such as WAD or sports injury. What is it ?

Answer 17

Cervicogenic headache

Question 18

Signs and symptoms of cervicogenic headache

Answer 18

• neck movement alters headache
• neck pain / dysfunction
• abnormal head and neck posture
• occurs on one side of the head neck face
• ROM limitation in neck

Question 19

Test for cervicogenic headache

Answer 19

Cervical flexion rotation test

Question 20

Cervicogenic headache intervention

Answer 20

Deep neck flexor strengthening (increase cervical stability)
Pain free ROM
Isometric exercise

Question 21

A defect or stress fracture in the pars interarticularis without slippage or displacement

Answer 21

Spondylolysis

Question 22

A forward displacement of the vertebra over the other due to fracture of bilateral pars interarticularis

Answer 22

Spondylolisthesis

Question 23

Where does spondylolisthesis most commonly occur

Answer 23

L5-S1

Question 24

Signs & symptoms of spondylolisthesis

Answer 24

• Hyperlordosis
• Back stiffness, pain, numbness

Question 25

In spondylolisthesis symptoms are better with flexion and worse with hyper extension. True or False

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Scotty dog with collar sign on an x-ray indicates

Answer 26

Spondylolysis

Question 27

Scotty dog with decapitation sign on an xray indicates

Answer 27

Spondylolisthesis

Question 28

How many grades of spondylolisthesis are there

Answer 28

5

Question 29

Less than 25% slippage is which grade and 50-75% is which grade

Answer 29

1 & 3

Question 30

25-50% of slippage and > 75% slippage in spondylolisthesis is which grade

Answer 30

2 & 4

Question 31

100% slippage in spondylolisthesis is which grade

Answer 31

5

Question 32

Which grades of spondylolisthesis require surgical fixation

Answer 32

4 & 5

Question 33

Spondylolisthesis intervention

Answer 33

- core stability exercises - flexion exercise program - spinal fusion surgery (severe) - patient education / avoiding aggravating movements such as hyper extension

Question 34

A condition for which a vertebral bone has decreased atleast ____% in height due to fracture is called ____

Answer 34

15-20% & compression fracture

Question 35

Compression fractures often occur in the upper segments of of lumbar spine such as L1 and lower vertebra of thoracic spine such as T10-T12. True or False

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Compression fracture intervention

Answer 36

Extension exercise program Isometric exercise Weight bearing exercise (walking, running) > increase bone density Pain free ROM Back brace (to prevent bending forward)

Question 37

Compression fracture contraindication

Answer 37

- flexion exercise program - manipulation or aggressive mobilization

Question 38

Compression fracture signs and symptoms

Answer 38

- acute back pain - spinal deformity (kyphosis)

Question 39

Since in compression fractures most damage is limited to the front of the vertebral column the fracture is usually stable and rarely asssoxiated with any nerve or spinal cord damage true or false

Answer 39

True

Question 40

What is facet joint syndrome

Answer 40

An arthritis like condition of the spine that can be significant source of back and neck pain, the pain may refer to the lower back, Glutes, hips, groin, thigh but never below the knee

Question 41

Pain in facet joint syndrome gets worse with extension and better with flexion. True or false

Answer 41

True

Question 42

Special test used for facet joint syndrome

Answer 42

Extension quadrant test

Question 43

Name the spinal pathologies that require a flexion exercise program

Answer 43

Spinal stenosis Spondylosis Spondylolysis Spondylolisthesis Facet joint syndrome

Question 44

Name the spinal pathologies that require a extension exercise program

Answer 44

Spinal disc herniation Compression fracture