Music and perception Flashcards
(22 cards)
What happens in Albert’s study?
Cross sectional study, tested using a light somatosensory stimulus to 2 different fingers of the
left hand (referred to as digits), brain images anaylsed with specific brain coordinates the effect
What is the result of Albert’s study?
They found that the more activity the larger the arrow, and the direction of area is changing towards the posterior area, the yellow is smaller than the black one, increased the neuroplasticity at the right side of the brain for string players than the control groups, particularly 5th digit
Brain changes due to repeated and
prolonged practice
What did Donald Hebb say?
Neurons that fire together wire
together!!
What are the functions of the primary and secondary auditory cortex?
not only receives auditory input also interacts with many others
What is the key point of predictive processes and the peculiar case of music ?
Predictive processes are an integral part of
both perception and action, and those processes are
influenced by selective attention
What is the frame work of Predictive coding?
Backward predictions are passed down cortical hierarchies to resolve or
‘explain away’ prediction errors that occur at lower levels (i.e., sensory
information that does not match a prediction)
The prediction errors then ascend to (hopefully) lead to better predictions
A feedback type of system that goes up and down the cortical layers!
What facilitates the musical groove?
The temporal structure of music is based on a pulse.
Perception of a musical pulse involves synchronization of movements to
that pulse (e.g., by tapping the foot or moving the entire body).
Typically, this pulse is hierarchically structured: i.e., different accents
form its structure, i.e., a march!!
AND, musical events challenge our expectations, i.e., with syncopations
(musical accents falling outside of the musical pulse).
Syncopations lead to a drive to move (‘wanting to move’), especially
when used repeatedly, creating ‘groove
What is neuromodulatory mechanisms?
control the excitability of
neuronal populations
What are we psychological involved while listening to the music?
involves attentional control over what features to select, and
what to ignore at different levels in the auditory hierarchy
What is odd ball event?
Events leading to: surprise, anticipation, and
tension in music
What specific electrical response(The Mismatch Negativity (MMN)) elicited?
auditory ‘deviants’ or ‘oddballs’ presented among a series of
repeated events.
What is early event related potential for?
It automatically shifts one’s
focus of attention
It happens whenever there
is a ‘violation’ (sudden
difference) in a sequence of
events
When does MMN occur?
Between about 100 and 250 ms after
stimulus event,
How to you construct a experiment of MMN?
A standard stimulus is presented on 80% of trials in a series
A deviant stimulus is presented on 20% of trials in a series
Record EEG and then use statistical subtraction on the waveforms:
(EEG activity with Deviant) minus (EEG activity with Standard) = MMN
Where is the auditory MMN in the brain?
Main source: close to primary and secondary auditory cortices
Additional source in frontal lobe, P3a around 250-300ms, when the individuals consciously detect deviant
What do we need to allowing dance, sing and improvise?
Descending predictions and ascending prediction error.
MMN occurs in response to many different forms of deviants
Sound frequency
intensity (loudness)
duration
where the sound is coming from (sound location)
even different speech sounds
What are the other modalities have MMN?
visual, somatosensory, olfactory
What are the two research ideas for future music and dance research?
- Body-motion rhythm is correlated with musical rhythm, and
- music intensity and motion intensity have a direct correlation
correlate the human motion of the dance with music structure, rhythm,
and intensity
What is Neural Resonance Theory (NRT)?
music perception and enjoyment arise from
natural brain and body oscillations that sync with rhythm, melody, and harmony
What are the function of cerebellum?
motor control and timing
cognition and attention
emotional control
cooperates with other areas of the brain
