What is harmony?
The chords that accompany the melody.
What is rhythm?
The beat of the music, can be played or emphasized by percussion.
What is timbre?
The sound quality of the specific instrument.
What is expression?
The dynamics (loud, soft, crescendo) that affect the mood.
What is form?
Structure
What are the four main divisions of musical instruments?
Woodwind, brass, percussion and strings.
Name some examples of woodwind instruments.
Clarinet, Saxophone
Name some examples of brass instruments.
Trumpet, Tuba, Trombone
Name some examples of percussion instruments.
Drums, Piano
Name some examples of string instruments.
Guitar, Violin, Viola, Cello
Describe woodwind instruments.
Woodwind instruments produce sound by having air vibrate through their long, hollow tubes. By changing the length of the vibrating air, you change the pitch. Many use strips of wood called reeds to produce sound.
Describe brass instruments.
Brass instruments are long tuned with a mouthpiece on one end and a flared bell on the other. Pitch is produced by physical buttons and by vibrating ones lips at different speeds and shifting the position of the tongue to control the airflow.
Describe percussion instruments.
Percussion instruments are hit or shaken to produce sound.
Describe string instruments:
String instruments are played by making one or more string vibrate. Strings are either plucked with fingers or a pick or played with a bow. On a guitar, different pitches are achieved by pressing down on the string close to or far away from the end of the guitar, changing the length of string that vibrates. Bow instruments play different pitches based on the pressure on each string.
What is melody?
The singable part of the song that you remember and sing back.
What is a tonic note?
The first note in a scale. For example, the tonic note in the key of F major is F.
What is a dominant note?
The fifth note in a scale. For example, the dominant note in the key of F major is C.
What is a subdominant note?
The fourth note in a scale. For example, the subdominant note in the key of F major is B flat.
What is another word for treble clef?
G Clef
What is another word for bass clef?
F Clef
How many beats does a quarter note get in 4/4 time?
1
How many beats does a half note get in 4/4 time?
2
How many beats does a whole note get in 4/4 time?
4
What is the order of sharps in a key signature?
FCGDAEB
What is the order of flats in a key signature?
BEADGCF
What is texture?
The layering of music.
What are the six eras in music history in order?
Middle Ages, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic, 20th Century. A middle age woman went to a renaissance fair and baroque her classical watch given to her by her romantic, 20 year old boyfriend.
What are the Middle Ages also known as?
The Medieval Period.
What were the three classes of people during the Middle Ages known as?
Nobility, Clergy and Peasants
The sacred music during the Middle Ages was known as _____ and consisted of a _____ melody with words in _____.
The sacred music during the Middle Ages was known as plainsong and consisted of a single melody with words in Latin.
What is the most well-known type of plain song from the Middle Ages?
Gregorian Chant
What was the most important sacred vocal form in the Renaissance?
The Motet
What was the motet?
The most important sacred vocal form in the Renaissance. It has up to four parts of equal importance.
What was Gregorian Chant?
The most well known type of plainsong during the Middle Ages.
What was the era during the Renaissance in which people broke away from the Roman Catholic Church known as?
The Reformation
What was the reformation?
The period in the Renaissance in which people broke away from the Roman Catholic Church.
Who was the most famous composer of the Baroque period?
Johann Sebastian Bach
What practice became common during the Baroque period, even appearing in church?
Improvisation
Baroque composers began to use music to express _____. They also began to write _____ and _____ _____ into their music.
Baroque composers began to use music to express emotions. They also began to write dynamics and tempo markings into their music.
What is a classical piece for a solo instrument and orchestra called?
Symphony
How many movements did the first symphonies have?
Three
Who wrote 104 symphonies?
Haydn
What does the word symphony mean?
Sounding Together
Three main types of orchestral music developed during the Romantic Period were the _____ _____, the _____ _____ and the _____ _____.
Three main types of orchestral music developed during the Romantic Period were the Romantic symphony, the tone poem and the concert overture.
During the Romantic Period, a trend called _____ inspired composers to include native _____ _____ and styles into their music.
During the Romantic Period, a trend called nationalism inspired composers to include native folk songs and styles into their music.
Synthesizers and computers are used in _____ _____.
Synthesizers and computers are used in electronic music.
What are three main types of music in 20th Century music?
Chance music (composer leaves a lot up to chance, making each performance different), impressionistic music (like a blurry, vague picture) and neo-classical music (new music similar to classical).
During what years were the Middle Ages?
400-1400
What era of music took place from 400-1400?
The Middle Ages
During what years was the Renaissance?
1400-1600
What era of music took place from 1400-1600?
The Renaissance
During what years was the Baroque Period?
1600-1750
What era of music took place from 1600-1750?
The Baroque Period
During what years was the Classical Period?
1750-1820
What era of music took place during 1750-1820?
The Classical Period
During what years was the Romantic Period?
1820-1900
What era of music took place from 1820-1900?
The Romantic Period
During what years was the 20th Century?
1900-Present
What era of music began in 1900?
20th Century
