Music Terminology/Musical Forms/Standard Characteristics Flashcards

Question

Verse Chorus Form:

Answer 1

Verse/Chorus: AB Sequence of verses (A sections) with repeated contrasting section called a chorus (B section). In a verse/chorus (A/B) piece, we usually focus is the chorus. That is what is more memorable Remember that an AABA form has a return of the A section at the end. You’ll see here that there isn’t a return to the A, which is one way of identifying this as a verse/chorus (A/B) piece.

Answer 2

for the words of a song

Answer 3

(referring to certain vocabulary that speaks to the identity of a given culture or subculture).

Answer 4

extension at the end of a song

Answer 5

exerting existing power to maintain that power over others. Hegemony is everywhere. Patriarchy is hegemony—men exerting power to maintain power. Racism is hegemony—in the United States, the white middle- and upper class exerted power over slaves (and those who were "freed" in the late 1800s) to maintain power.

Answer 6

publisher: it is those who print the music and own the copyright. (Today, publishers are record companies (like Universal, Sony, or subsidiaries like Columbia) who hold the copyright.

Answer 7

someone who might have a band play the music for a performance). Today, a producer is someone who records a band and “fixes it up” for radio, or to sell as a CD or mp3 online. Producers aren’t publishers, and producers don’t have copyright.

Answer 8

> one-octave range > 2 to 4-bar phrases > simple harmony (I, IV and V chords) > simple accompaniment > repetitive forms: 8-bar sections. AABA, AB, > Dance music, current metric/rhythmic patterns.

Answer 9

``` > Romance themes > Alliteration > Repetitive rhyme scheme: quatrain, couplet > symmetric rhythms > Personal pronouns > 1-2-3 syllable words ```

Answer 10

syncopation (Backbeat). Syncopation is placing rhythmic accents on beats (or between beats) that you wouldn’t expect. In ragtime piano, the pianist plays a bass line with the left hand, alternating a bass note, then chords. Syncopation is used in all musical traditions; however, African music is centred on syncopation. African American musics (whether ragtime, and later jazz, blues, R&B, Rock and Roll, Soul, Funk, Hip Hop) all have a significant amount of syncopation, and that is definitely from an African American tradition rather than a classical music or folk music tradition.

Answer 11

One musician would play the melody, or solo. The other musicians would fill in the melody with improvised passages (called improvised “lines”). These lines, on their own, sound almost like a melody on their own, rather than a harmony or chords to accompany the melody. They are sometimes called countermelodies. The melody (or solo) and other lines combine like puzzle pieces, each one complimenting each other. The result is a polyphonic texture: multiple lines of similar melodic interest.

Answer 12

Refrain = Chorus 1) “refrain” is borrowed from poetry. Some poetry has repeated stanzas at the end of verses, but many times they are short. 2) A Chorus is a more musical term and we think of it as longer than a refrain. 3) A Chorus is more specific in that it refers to chord progressions (a basic structure of the form). 4) As we will see, jazz musicians later played Tin Pan Alley pieces without the verses—we refer to their music as repeated choruses (not refrains).

Answer 13

adoption of cultural customs to dominant social surroundings. Or in other words, cultural practices held by a dominant culture that are absorbed and practiced by a minority culture.

Answer 14

an extreme version of acculturation where a minority culture attempts to, or is forced to adopt cultural practices held by a dominant culture. In other words, replacing a minority cultural custom with a dominant one.

Answer 15

acculturation, except that the minority group keeps it previous cultural underpinnings (e.g., rhythm, singing, dance) yet expressed in a new, independent style. 1) musical elements from a minority culture are lost or deformed; 2) this is an exchange of significant musical practices (ways of thinking); 3) it takes generations to create a new unity between the two cultures; 4) the new unity is a new musical identity different than the original—i.e., African American music is a new style, independent of African music (yet contains “survivals”), and that style (say, from the 1600s), undergoes new processes (1-4 above) over and over again (until today).

Answer 16

cultural phenomena that outlive the set of conditions under which they developed.

Answer 17

Griots are musicians, historians, sources for spreading news, and holders of various moral stories. In Africa, a griot usually plays a stringed instrument, accompanied by singing, telling stories, or a rhythmic declamatory style of speech-singing. It is similar to rap: poetry set to music and usually with a moral story.

Answer 18

Musicians would sometimes “drop a beat” (play 3 beats instead of 4) or add an extra beat (playing 5 beats instead of 4)

Answer 19

a common feature of hillbilly music to produce clear diction.

Music Terminology/Musical Forms/Standard Characteristics Flashcards

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