Music Theory Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
0 Flats & 0 Sharps
A
C Major or a minor
2
Q
1 Sharp
A
G Major or e minor
3
Q
2 Sharps
A
D Major or b minor
4
Q
3 Sharps
A
A Major or f# minor
5
Q
4 Sharps
A
E Major or c# minor
6
Q
5 Sharps
A
B Major or g# minor
7
Q
6 Sharps
A
F# Major or d# minor
8
Q
7 Sharps
A
C# Major or a# minor
9
Q
1 Flat
A
F Major or d minor
10
Q
2 Flats
A
Bb Major or g minor
11
Q
3 Flats
A
Eb Major or c minor
12
Q
4 Flats
A
Ab Major or f minor
13
Q
5 Flats
A
Db Major or bb minor
14
Q
6 Flats
A
Gb Major or eb minor
15
Q
7 Flats
A
Cb Major or ab minor
16
Q
Accelerando (accel.)
A
Gradually getting quicker
17
Q
Adagio
A
Slow
18
Q
Allegretto
A
Fairly quick, but not as quick as allegro.
19
Q
Allegro
A
Quick, literally cheerful.
20
Q
Andante
A
At a medium walking speed.
21
Q
Cantabile
A
In a singing style
22
Q
Crescendo (cresc.)
A
Gradually getting louder.
23
Q
Da Capo (D.C)
A
Repeat from the beginning.
24
Q
Dal Segno (D.S)
A
Repeat from the sign.
25
Decrescendo (decresc.)
Gradually getting quieter.
26
Diminuendo (dim.)
Gradually getting quieter.
27
Fine
The End
28
f (forte)
Loud.
29
ff (fortissimo)
Very loud.
30
Legato
Smoothly
31
Lento
Slow
32
Mezzo
Half
33
mf (mezzo forte)
Moderately loud, half loud.
34
mp (mezzo piano)
Moderately quiet, half quiet.
35
Moderato
Moderately quick.
36
p (piano)
Quiet
37
pp (pianissimo)
Very quiet
38
Poco
A little.
39
Rallentando (rall.)
Gradually getting slower
40
Ritardando (rit.)
Gradually getting slower
41
Ritenuto (riten.)
Held back, slower immediately, not gradually
42
Staccato (stacc.)
Detached
43
Tempo
Speed, time
44
Alla (al.)
In the manner of
45
Allagando
Getting slower, louder
46
Andantino
Slightly faster than andante
47
Assai
Very quick
48
Dolce
Sweet, soft
49
Giocoso
Playful, merry, humorous
50
Grave
Very slow, serious
51
Larghetto
Rather slow, not as slow as largo
52
Largo
Slow
53
Maestoso
Majestic
54
Meno
Less
55
Presto
Fast, faster than allegro
56
Molto
Very, much
57
Mosso (molto)
Movement
58
Senza
Without
59
Sforzando (sfz)
Forced, accented
60
Tenuto (ten.)
Sustain to the note’s full value.
61
Vivace (vivo)
Lively, quick
62
Ad libitum (ad lib.)
The marked passage can be played freely, at choice
63
Alla breve
With a minim beat, for example in cut time or 2/2
64
Brio
With vigor
65
Largamente
Broadly
66
Marcato (marc.)
Emphatic, accented
67
Rubato
Disregarding strict time for expressive effect
68
Subito
Suddenly
69
Cadence
A short sequence of notes of chords at the end of a musical phrase.
70
Chord
More than two notes played at the same time.
71
Circle of 5ths
A diagram charting the relationship between the 12 note/keys in the chromatic scale.
72
Dominant
The 5th note of a scale, an interval of a perfect 5th above the tonic.
73
Extended
Extended chords contain extra notes added from further up the keyboard.
74
Harmonic interval
Notes of different pitches played together at the same time, as opposed to one after the other.
75
Harmony
A tune that complements a melody when played at the same time.
76
Interval
The difference between 2 note pitches.
77
Inversion
The order of notes in a chord is changed.
78
Mode
A type of scale built by starting another scale from a note other than its root.
79
Semitone
The smallest interval in a chromatic scale.
80
Transpose
To shift a piece of music, note, to chord up or down in pitch by a certain number of semitones.
81
Articulation
The various techniques which may be used to modify the performance.
82
Major Triad
A chord that is built with a major 3rd and a minor 3rd.
83
Minor Triad
A chord built with a minor 3rd and major 5th.
84
Augmented Triad
A chord built with a major 3rd and another major 3rd.
85
Diminished Triad
A chord that is built with a minor 3rd and a minor 5th.
86
1st Inversion
When the root of a chord becomes the 3rd note in the chord.
87
2nd Inversion
When the 5th of the chord is the lowest note of the chord.
88
7th Chord
The combination of a triad and an interval of a 7th.
89
Major 7th Chord
A major triad and a major 3rd on top. (Ex. C-E-G-B)
90
Dominant 7th Chord
A major triad with a minor 3rd on top. (Ex. C-E-G-Bb)
91
Minor 7th Chord
A minor triad with a minor 3rd on top. (Ex. C-Eb-G-Bb)
92
Half-Diminished 7th Chord
A diminished triad with a major 3rd on top. (Ex. C-Eb-Gb-Bb)
93
Diminished 7th Chord
A diminished triad with a minor 3rd on top. (Ex. C-Eb-Bb-Gbb)
94
Minor-Major 7th Chord
A minor triad with a major 3rd on top. (Ex. C-Eb-G-B)
95
Augmented-Major 7th Chord
An augmented triad with a major 7th on top. (Ex. C-E-G#-B)
96
Augmented 7th Chord
An augmented triad with a minor 7th on top. (Ex. C-E-G#-Bb)
97
1st Inversion 7th Chord
When the root is at the top of the chord. (Ex. E-G-B-C)
98
2nd Inversion 7th Chord
When the 5th is at the bottom of the chord. (Ex. G-B-C-E)
99
3rd Inversion 7th Chord
When the 7th is at the bottom of the chord. (Ex. B-C-E-G)
100
Roman Numerals: Major
I, ii, iii, IV, V, vi, vii*
101
Roman Numerals: Natural Minor
i, ii*, III, iv, v, VI, VII
102
Roman Numerals: Harmonic Minor
i, ii*, III+, iv, V, VI, vii*
103
Roman Numerals: Melodic Minor
i, ii, III+, IV, V, vi*, vii*
104
Non-Chord Tones
Notes that do not belong in a certain chord.
105
Step
Equal to an interval of a generic second. (Ex. E to F)
106
Skip
Equal to an interval of a generic third or more. (Ex. E to G)
107
Passing Tone (PT)
Approached by a step and then continues by another step. (Ex. E to F to G) —> F is the Passing Tone.
108
Neighboring Tone (NT)
Approached by a step and then returns to original note by a step. (Ex. G to A to G) —> A is the Neighboring Tone.
109
Anticipation (ANT)
Approached by a step and then remains the same. (Ex. E to F to F) —> The first F is the Anticipation.
110
Escape Tone (ET)
Approached by a step and then skips in the opposite direction. (Ex. A to B to G) —> B is the Escape Tone.
111
Appoggiatura (APP)
Approached by a skip then a step in the opposite direction. (Ex. G to B to A) —> B is the Appoggiatura.
112
Suspension (SUS)
Keeps a note the same and then steps downward. (Ex. G to G to F) —> The second G is the Suspension.
113
Retardation (RET)
Keeps a note the same and then steps upward. (Ex. E to E to F) —> The second E is the Retardation.
114
Neapolitan Chord
A major triad that is built on a special note.
