Music Theory and Composition

Question 1

Refers to the motion of two musical lines that moves in opposite directions.

Answer 1

Contrary Motion

Question 2

Refers to the motion of two musical lines that move in the same direction, whether upwards or downwards, while maintaining the same interval between two lines.

Answer 2

Parallel Motion

Question 3

Refers to the motion of two musical lines that move in similar directions, whether upwards or downwards, but without maintaining the same interval between lines.

Answer 3

Similar Motion

Question 4

refers to the motion of two musical lines which one line stays stationary while the other musical line moves in an upward or downward direction.

Answer 4

Oblique Motion

Question 5

Allowable dissonance where there is a leap to a dissonance followed by a descending step.

Answer 5

Appoggiatura

Question 6

Allowable dissonance where a dissonance tone sounds on a downbeat and is then resolved downward by step.

Answer 6

Suspension

Question 7

Movement through stepwise motion through two consonant tone.

Answer 7

Passing tone

Question 8

Moves in a stepwise motion but returns to the original consonant tone.

Answer 8

Neighbor Tone

Question 9

Dissonant note that is approached by step and resolved by a leap in the opposite direction.

Answer 9

Escape Tone

Question 10

Interval referring to the unison, fourth, fifth, and octave.

Answer 10

Perfect Interval

Question 11

When a perfect interval is lowered by a half-step.

Answer 11

Diminished Interval

Question 12

When a perfect interval is raised by a half-step.

Answer 12

Augmented Interval

Question 13

Interval in a diatonic major scale and measures the relationship between those two pitches. Can refer to the second, third, sixth, and seventh intervals.

Answer 13

Major Intervals

Question 14

When a major interval is lowered by a half-step.

Answer 14

Minor Interval

Question 15

When any minor interval is lowered by a half-step.

Answer 15

Diminished Interval

Question 16

When any major interval is raised a half-step.

Answer 16

Augmented Interval

Question 17

Minor scale that shares the same key as the major scale

Answer 17

Relative minor

Question 18

Minor scale that shares the same tonic pitch.

Answer 18

Parallel minor

Question 19

G-Clef; used by violin, woodwinds, and high brasses.

Answer 19

Treble clef

Question 20

C-Clef; Middle point sits on the third line, used by viola

Answer 20

Alto clef

Question 21

C-Clef; Middle point sits on the fourth line, used by cello, bassoon, and trombone

Answer 21

Tenor clef

Question 22

F-Clef; two dots of the symbol surround the F-line, used by double bass, cello, bassoon, trombone, and low brasses

Answer 22

Bass Clef

Question 23

F3 to D5 voice range

Answer 23

Alto

Question 24

C4 to A5

Answer 24

Soprano

Question 25

B3 to G4

Answer 25

Tenor

Question 26

E2 to C4

Answer 26

Bass

Question 27

G2 to E4

Answer 27

Baritone

Question 28

A3 to F5

Answer 28

Mezzo-soprano

Question 29

Music became highly homophonic with a focus on melody and accompaniment textural form

Answer 29

Classical Era

Question 30

Strings and winds were double to play certain lines.

Answer 30

Baroque era

Question 31

Technique that allows students to learn progressions, melodic contour, and rhythmic patterns of improvisers of the past.

Answer 31

Imitation

Question 32

Thematic, melodic, rhythmic, stylistic and harmonic

Answer 32

Musical variations

Question 33

Served as primarily religious element in the churches of the time.

Answer 33

Baroque improvisation

Question 34

Born in the bars and alleyways of New Orleans

Answer 34

Jazz improvisation

Question 35

This is a musical form composed of 32 measures, typically in 4/4 time. This song form consists of four sections: an eight-bar A section; a second eight-bar A section; an eight-bar contrasting B section; and a final eight-bar A section.

Answer 35

32-Bar jazz

Question 36

Developed in the Baroque period. It is characterised by a recurring A section in between new sections of music, and is often described as 'ABACA', where the A section contains a distinctive theme.

Answer 36

Ritornello form

Question 37

Connecting two chords together smoothly.

Answer 37

Voice Leading

Question 38

Closely tied with meter, and consists of the aspect of rhythm associated with patterns of duration, emphases, and groupings.

Answer 38

Durational rhythm

Question 39

Does not arise from patterns of stress and duration, and is essentially independent of meter. (Ex. recurrence of a single tone, the octave relationship, chordal and linear associations, consonances, and dissonances).

Answer 39

Tonal rhythm

Question 40

Meaning force, directs the musician to strongly accent the notes over which the marking occurs.

Answer 40

Forzando (z)

Question 41

Meaning reinforcing or strengthening. Dynamic marking means to increase in volume of a group of notes throughout a phrase and is played increasingly louder similarly to a cresc. but over a shorter length of time.

Answer 41

Rinforzando (rinf)

Question 42

Similar to forzando, and the two terms can be interchanged to mean a sudden increase in loudness of the note or notes over which the marking occurs.

Answer 42

Sforcando (sfz)

Question 43

"with" indicates each of these terms as descriptions or instructions of a performer's phrasing.

Answer 43

Con

Question 44

"with bravery"

Answer 44

Con bravura

Question 45

"with love"

Answer 45

Con amore

Question 46

"with spirit"

Answer 46

Con Biro

Question 47

"with fire"

Answer 47

Con fuoco

Question 48

"with grace"

Answer 48

Con grazia

Question 49

"with tenderness"

Answer 49

Con Tenerezza

Question 50

Italian word meaning "to hold", directs the player to hold the notes for its full value.

Answer 50

Tenuto

Question 51

Italian word meaning "to carry", directs the player to smoothly detach the notes similarly to a legato, but shorter in length and longer than a staccato. (both dots and a slur over or under the notes)

Answer 51

Portato

Question 52

Italian word meaning "to detach", directs the player to shortly detach the note.

Answer 52

Staccato

Question 53

An extremely shortened note and is notated by a wedge or pike above or under the note head.

Answer 53

Staccatissimo

Question 54

Italian meaning "very or extremely broad", should be played very slowly.

Answer 54

Larghissimo

Question 55

Italian meaning "broad", and should be played slowly.

Answer 55

Largo

Question 56

Slightly faster than largo

Answer 56

Larghetto

Question 57

Italian meaning "in a walking manner", and should be played slightly faster than adagio, but slower than moderato.

Answer 57

Andante

Question 58

Italian meaning "moderately" and should be played at an easy comfortable tempo.

Answer 58

Moderato

Question 59

Italian meaning "fast" and should be played at a quick tempo.

Answer 59

Allegro

Question 60

Italian meaning "lively" and should be played faster than allegro but slower than presto.

Answer 60

Vivace

Question 61

Italian meaning "very fast" and should be played very quickly.

Answer 61

Presto

Question 62

Italian meaning "to hurry", indicates a quickening of the tempo and also a character or mood of agitation.

Answer 62

Affretando

Question 63

Italian meaning "to slow down", the player should gradually decrease the tempo of the section as the music slows down.

Answer 63

Slentando

Question 64

Italian meaning "to widen:, the player should gradually decrease the tempo in a deliberate and imposing character.

Answer 64

Allargando

Question 65

Italian meaning "to let down", the player should gradually decrease both the tempo and the volume, indicates a mood of calming and dying away.

Answer 65

Calando

Question 66

Requires players to detach the notes by playing one note per bow stroke

Answer 66

Detache

Question 67

A bow stroke in which the bow plays two adjacent strings like a tremolo.

Answer 67

Ondule

Question 68

The bouncing of the notes by the middle of the bow that is typically played at a fast tempo.

Answer 68

Sautille

Question 69

Refers to the use of the bow close to the bridge in which a harsh grating sound is produced.

Answer 69

Sul ponticello

Question 70

Refers to the use of the bow over the end of the fingerboard to produce a light airy sound.

Answer 70

Sul tasto

Question 71

Refers to the abrupt release of a stroke in a forceful manner

Answer 71

Martele

Question 72

Refers to the rapid bouncing of the upper third of the bow as the player drops the bow on a down-bow

Answer 72

Ricochet

Question 73

Refers to the slight detachment of the notes without changing the direction of the bow.

Answer 73

Loure

Question 74

Refers to using the stick of the bow on the strings instead of the hair.

Answer 74

Col Lengo