Muskuloskeletal System and Dermatology

Question 1

Bone Densitometry
“Dual-energy Xray Absorptiometry” (DEXA)

Answer 1

Non-invasive
For: Osteoporosis
Pre: Ask for LMP

Discontinue Calcium Supplements
(48 hours prior to procedure)

Question 2

Insertion of an electronically charged needle to check for muscle activity

Answer 2

Electromyography

Question 3

Pre-procedure for electromyography

Answer 3

Get consent
Inform: uncomfortable procedure
Hold stimulants for 2-3 hours prior to procedure

Question 4

(True of False): Expect bruising in electromyography

Answer 4

True

(Provide cold and warm compress post procedure)

Question 5

Bone-bone

Answer 5

Joints

Question 6

In between bones

Answer 6

Ligaments

Question 7

Bone to Muscle

Answer 7

Tendons

Question 8

Increase risk to fracture?

Answer 8

Steroid use (⬇️ Ca Absorption)
Alcohol intake
Endocrine problem (Cushing’s)
Calcium intake
Family history

Question 9

Overstretching of tendons

Answer 9

Strain

Question 10

Overstretching of ligaments

Answer 10

Sprain

Question 11

Break in continuity of bone

Answer 11

Fracture

Question 12

S/Sx of Fracture

Answer 12

(SPACED)

Soft tissue edema
Pain: sharp and continuous
Abnormal movement
Crepitus: grating sound
Ecchymosis: hematoma/discoloration
Deformity: obvious

Question 13

(True or False): In fracture management, immobilizers are worn at all times and must be well-fitted, not snug.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Management of Sprain and Strain

Answer 14

(RICE)

Rest/immobilize
Ice first 24hours (10-20mins)
Compression
Elevate and extend

Question 15

Broken pieces of bones are attached

Answer 15

Fixation

Question 16

Realignment of bone

Answer 16

Reduction

Types:
A) open reduction - surgery
B) closed reduction - manual

Question 17

Build up of pressure that can’t expand

Answer 17

Compartment Syndrome

Question 18

Surgical opening of limb to release pressure

Answer 18

Fasciotomy

Question 19

Neurovascular Compromise (NVC)

Answer 19

(5Ps and 2Cs) REPORT!

Pain (upon extension, unrelieved by
analgesics, “deep,throbbing,
unrelenting”)
Paresthesia (INITIAL SIGN of NVC)
“Numbness, tingling, pins and
needles, prickling, crawling”)
Pallor
Pulselessness
Paralysis
Phantom (can feel sensation in area
not touched)

Cool to touch
Cyanosis

Question 20

Gypsum crystal

Answer 20

Plaster of paris

Question 21

Heavy, cheap

Answer 21

Plaster of paris

Question 22

Polyurethane (color varies)

Answer 22

Fiberglass or Synthetic

Question 23

Light and expensive

Answer 23

Fiberglass or Synthetic

Question 24

20-30mins

Answer 24

Fiberglass

Question 25

24-72 hours

Answer 25

Plaster of Paris

Question 26

Exercise for people with cast

Answer 26

Isometric exercise (contraction of a group of muscles)

Question 27

Can lead to muscle atrophy

Answer 27

Disuse syndrome (Isometric exercise)

Question 28

Compression of duodenum

Answer 28

Cast Syndrome

Question 29

S/sx of Cast Syndrome

Answer 29

(3As) Abdominal pain Absent bowel sounds Abdominal distention

Question 30

Maintain a straight line of pull

Answer 30

Traction

Question 31

Early S/sx of Fat embolism

Answer 31

REPORT! Altered LOC Restlessness

Question 32

Due to thrombus embolism

Answer 32

Pulmonary Embolism

Question 33

S/Sx of Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 33

Respiratory S/Sx Cough, Tachypnea, tachycardia, Pain in chest, unilateral

Question 34

Hallmark sign: PULMONARY EMBOLISM

Answer 34

Petechial rash

Question 35

>6 months fusion

Answer 35

Delayed fusion

Question 36

Didn’t fuse

Answer 36

Non-union

Question 37

Fused to another

Answer 37

Mal-union

Question 38

Decreased supply of blood - low 02, low perfusion, = necrosis Management?

Answer 38

Avascular necrosis Mgt: AMPUTATION

Question 39

Infection of bones? Management?

Answer 39

Osteomyelitis Mgt: ANTIBIOTICS

Question 40

Skin traction (indication, anchored, weight)

Answer 40

Children, short-term Soft tissue (intact skin) 5-7 lbs

Question 41

Skeletal traction (indication, anchored, weight)

Answer 41

Adult, long-term Hard tissue (non-intact skin) 25-40 lbs

Question 42

Higher risk for infection (traction)

Answer 42

Skeletal traction

Question 43

Priority: Skin traction

Answer 43

Skin care q shift

Question 44

Priority: Skeletal traction

Answer 44

Pin site care q shift

Question 45

Bryant’s traction, Russel’s traction

Answer 45

Skin traction

Question 46

Halo fixation device, crutchfield tong, BST, 90-90 degree traction

Answer 46

Skeletal traction

Question 47

Priority: Buck’s extension and Russel’s traction

Answer 47

1) NVC 2) Foot drop (foot plate/board)

Question 48

Pin site care

Answer 48

Clean inner to outer Report sign of infection (redness, swelling, pus formation, fever) CHLORHEXIDINE HALF STRENGTH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE