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History > Muslim Empires and History > Flashcards

Muslim Empires and History Flashcards

1
Q

Abraham

A

Father of many nations

Hebrew

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2
Q

Sarai

A

Princess

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3
Q

Sarah

A

Queen

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4
Q

Isaac

A

“Laughter”

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5
Q

Ishmael

A

“God listens”

1st of Hagar and Abraham

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6
Q

All Muslim Empires

A

Emerged btw 1300-1600

All decline by 1700

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7
Q

Haj

A

5th pillar of faith
Pilgrimage to Mecca- cube
Go to get water

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8
Q

Ottoman Empire

A

Lasted 600 yrs
Successful bc of military advancement
Successors expanded land thru land buying and alliances

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9
Q

Turkish Warriors

A

Lived in Anatolia, on edge of Byzantine

Ghazis

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10
Q

Ghazi

A

Warriors that fight for Islam

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11
Q

Osman

Othman(in Europe)

A

1300-1326
Successful ghazi
Builds state in Anatolia (turkey)

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12
Q

Mohammed

A

Angel came to him in a cave near Mecca

In Medina, revelation to pray toward the Kaaba to respect Abraham

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13
Q

Muslims

A

“Those who surrender to God”

Wrote Qur’an

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14
Q

Islam

A

Religion of Muslims

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15
Q

Kaaba

A

“The cube”
In Mecca
Built by Abraham
Hajj

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16
Q

Sultan

A

Overlord

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17
Q

Orkhan

A

Sultan
Son of Osman
1361 Turks conquered Adrianople

18
Q

Timur the Lame

A

Rises to power in Central Asia
Defeats ottomans in 1402 burning Baghdad
Destroys Delhi in 1398

19
Q

Murad II

A

Begins expansion

20
Q

Mehmed II

A

Murad’s son
Conquers Constantinople on May 29, 1453
Opens city to Jews, Christians, and Muslims

21
Q

Selim the Grim

A 
Mehmed's grandson
Comes to power 1512
Defeats Persian Safavids and pushes into North 
Africa
Conquers Mecca, Medina, and Cairo
22
Q

Suleyman the Lawgiver

A

1520-1566
Conquers Belgrade, Rhode, eastern Med, North African coast, Vienna
Creates law code, reduces beauracracy, and simplifies taxation
Broad interests-arts flourished
Killed one son and exiled other

23
Q

Devshirme

A

Draft boys from conquered land

24
Q

Janissaries

A

Loyal soldiers to the sultan

25
Q

Sinan

A

Architect

Designs Mosque of Suleyman

26
Q

Fall of Ottoman Empire

A

Third son rules weakly
Later sultans kill brothers and leave their sons uneducated
Long line of weak sultans

27
Q

Mughal Empire

A

Persians, Indians, and Turks in one empire

28
Q

Mongols

A

Invade northwest India

Conflict btw Hindus and Muslims for 300 yrs

29
Q

Delhi Sultanate

A

Loose empire of Turkish warlords

Sultans rule btw 13th-16th century

30
Q

Babur

A

King of small land in Central Asia at 11
Dethroned and driven into India
Avenged family thru empire
Conquered most of northern India, forming the Mughal empire

31
Q

Humayun

A

Son Loses most of Babur’s territory

32
Q

Abram

A

Exalted father

33
Q

Akbar

A

“Greatest one”
1556-1605
Liberal ruler
Military conqueror

34
Q

Akbar’s achievements

A

Used cannons and elephants
Freedom of religion, abolishes tax on Muslims
Allows all people to serve in high positions
Hindu minister develops good tax plan
Gave land to officials and reclaimed when they died

35
Q

Shah Jahan

A

Jahangir’s son and successor
Assassinates all competitors for the throne
Marries Persian princesses
Had three wives

36
Q

Mumtaz Mahal

A

Persian princess married to shah jajan
Gave him good advice
Died giving birth to 14th child in 1631

37
Q

Taj Mahal

A

Tomb built by shah Jahan for mumtaz mahal
One of the wonders of the world
Very high taxes to build-people suffered

38
Q

Aurangzeb

A

Shah Jahans third son
Imprisons father and takes over
1658-1707

39
Q

Aurangzeb’s achievements

A

Expands empire to largest
Strict Islamic law to remove Hindus
Hindus rebel, Sikhs become militant
Oppressive taxes on Hindus cause rebellion

40
Q

Decline of Mughal Empire

A

2 million die during war under Aurangzeb
Empire splits into states
European traders take over key ports

History (5 decks)

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