Muslim Empires I: The Ottomans

Question 1

Allah

Answer 1

The name of God for the Muslims

“There is no God but one God, Allah is his name”

Question 2

Muhammad

Answer 2

Arab prophet and founder of islam
Religious, military, and political leader of Mecca
Born a camel trader
Unified Arabia under Islam
Wrote Gabriel’s words of God into the Quran
Married a widow and had a son

Question 3

Quran

Answer 3

The sacred writings of Islam revealed by Allah to the prophet Muhammad during his life in Mecca and Medina

Question 4

Sharia

Answer 4

Islamic law based on the teachings of the Quran and the traditions of the Prophet Muhammad
Both religious and secular duties, sometimes penalized for law breaking

Question 5

Five Pillars of Islam

Answer 5

1) I believe in one God namedAllah, Muhammad is his prophet
2) Prayers five times a day
3) Almsgiving
4) Fasting during Ramadan
5) The haji, pilgrimage to Mecca

Question 6

Anatolia

Answer 6

Asia Minor
Home of the Ottomans
Istanbul

Question 7

Gazis

Answer 7

An individual who participates in the Ghazw, or the military

Question 8

Sultan

Answer 8

The ruler of the Islamic Ottoman Empire

An absolute ruler, under only God

Question 9

Mehmet II

Answer 9

“The Conqueror”
Conquered Constantinople
Formed ottoman empire

Question 10

Constantiople

Answer 10

Istanbul
Captured by Mehmet II
Mourned by Greeks
Liberated by Ottomans

Question 11

Suleiman

Answer 11

Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Ottomans had the greatest borders with him
"Lawgiver"
Redid the law system 
Married a harem girl, Roxelana

Question 12

Harem

Answer 12

The separate part of a Muslim household reserved for wives, concubines, female relatives and female servants

Question 13

Concubines

Answer 13

A woman who sleeps with a man but does not share as high a standing as his wife
Good salary which increased if there was a pregnancy
If a male child was born, the mother was given land and grew the child into politics

Question 14

Devshirme

Answer 14

A practice in which Christian boys were taken from their families, converted to Islam, and entered the military or scholarly areas

Question 15

Janissaries

Answer 15

A member of the Turkish infantry forming the sultans guard
Hellish fighters - wrought fear upon their enemies
Made of the Devshirme

Question 16

Capitulations

Answer 16

Contracts between the ottoman empire and European powers

Allowed the citizens in the ottomans rights for trading

Question 17

Treaty of Karlowitz

Answer 17

Signed of January 26, 1699 in Sremski Karlovci
Concluded the Austro-Ottoman war
Ended much of ottoman control in central Europe
Established the Hapsburgs

Question 18

Coffeehouses

Answer 18

People fought against them because they thought it was bad for the body, soul, politics against the sultan
Could not revoke it because was not against the Sharias

Question 19

Lady Mary Wortley Montagu

Answer 19

English aristocrat and writer
Letters from turkey to her husband, British Turkish ambassador
First example of secular work by a woman about the muslim orient

Question 20

Hürrem

Answer 20

Roxelana
Wife of Suleiman
Concubines at first
Slave
Converted and married Suleiman
Huge influence over sultan