Must Know* Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the privileges of an instrument rating?
The holder of an instrument rating is authorised to pilot an aircraft under the IFR or at night under the VFR.
REF: Part 61.855
What are the limitations on exercising the privileges of a valid instrument rating?
1) If operating a helicopter, you must have completed an IPC in a helicopter in the last 12 months.
2) If operating a multi-engine aircraft, you must have completed an IPC in a Multi Engine aircraft in the last 12 months.
3) If in an aircraft that has its own type rating, you must have completed a multi-crew IPC in the last 24 months.
4) If multi-crew operation, you must have completed a multi-crew IPC in the last 24 months.
5) If single-pilot operation, you must have completed a single-pilot IPC in the last 24 months.
6) Can conduct IAPs they have been trained and assessed for, except for specific conditions regarding circling and 3D approaches.
REF: CASR 61.880, CASR 61.805 2 (e)
How long is an Instrument Rating Valid for?
The holder is said to have a valid IPC for 12 months to the end of the month it was completed. If completed within 3 months before the expiry date, you can keep the existing expiry as your start date for the 12 months.
REF: CASR 61.880, CASR 61.805 2 (e) & OMA 5.2.5.4
What are the recency limitations on exercising the privileges of an instrument rating?
Can conduct an IFR operation as PIC if:
- Completed an IPC or OPC within the past 3 months; OR
- Completed 3 instrument approaches in the past 90 days; AND
- Can only perform an instrument approach in the category of aircraft if within the last 90 days have completed 1 instrument approach in that category; AND
- Can only perform a certain type instrument approach if within the last 90 days have completed 1 of that type.
REF: CASR 61.860 / 61.870 / 61.900
Can a pilot with an Instrument Rating conduct a NVFR flight?
Yes, the initial issue of a Multi-Engine Helicopter Instrument Endorsement requires minimum experience of 10 hr dual instrument time, 5 hours night time including at least 3 hr of dual flight and 1 hr of solo night circuits.
This meets the requirements of the Helicopter NVFR Endorsement.
What happens if you fail a flight test or IPC?
- The flight test must be terminated when the examiner makes a fail assessment.
- The pilot is no longer taken to have a valid IPC for the category of aircraft in which the pilot failed the check.
- Passed items may be credited for retest purposes, valid for 28 days only.
- Flight test items already assessed will not be re-tested.
REF: Flight Examiners Handbook 3.2.2
What is the take-off minima for multi-engine IFR helicopters?
Clear of cloud until:
1. Operating in PC1 until attaining the greater of Vy or Vmin.
2. Operating in PC2 until attaining the greater of Vy or Vmin and passing the defined point after take-off.
3. Visibility of: 1. 800m, or 2. 550m under specific conditions.
REF: Part 91 15.07
When must a pilot plan for an alternate aerodrome under the IFR?
Alternates must be planned if:
F - Forecasts: If TAF not available.
A - AIDS: By night unless destination has at least 1 IAP.
C - CLOUD: >SCT below alternate minima; V - Visibility: < than alternate minima;
W - Wind: crosswind or tailwind component more than maximum;
P - PROB: PROB 30 or more of adverse weather; P - PROVISIONAL: Provisional TAF required; L - LIGHTING: Flight at night without electrical lighting;
S - STORMS: Thunderstorms.
REF: AIP ENR 1.1
What are the IFR Visual Approach Requirements – BY DAY?
Within 30 nm of aerodrome.
Clear of cloud.
Sight of ground or water
Vis > 5000M
and can maintain altitude not less than specific limits.
REF: AIP ENR 1.5, 1.14
What are the IFR Visual Approach Requirements – BY NIGHT?
At an altitude not below LSALT/MSA
Clear of cloud,
Sight of ground or water,
Vis > 5000M
And can maintain altitude not less than specific limits.
REF: AIP ENR 1.5, 1.14
When must a missed approach be executed during an IAP?
A missed approach must be executed if:
1. During an instrument approach and below MSA, the performance of the radio aid becomes suspect.
2. Visual reference is not established at or before reaching the MAPT.
3. A landing cannot be effected from a runway approach.
4. Visual reference is lost while circling to land.
REF: AIP ENR 1.5
For an IAP Final Approach, when are you considered ‘established’ on track or on a DME arc?
‘Established’ means being within:
Half full-scale deflection for ILS, VOR, GNSS;
5° of the required bearing for NDB;
2 nm of the DME arc.
What is the obstacle clearance that the MAP provides and what gradient is this?
100ft along the missed approach path
2.5 % gradient.
For Helicopter Procedures, it provides a minimum obstacle clearance of 100ft to a helicopter climbing at a gradient of 4.2%.
If this gradient cannot be achieved, the DA, MDA or RA Height should be increased.
He will ASK YOU WHAT TECHNIQUE TO USE TO ADJUST THE MDA.
If RAIM is lost during a GNSS-based Approach, what must be done?
Must conduct missed approach for a RAIM warning after the IAF.
You cannot use the GNSS for track guidance after a RAIM warning.
REF: AIP ENR 1.5, 1.11
What are the requirements for descent below MDA while visually circling during an NPA?
a. Maintain the aircraft within the circling area; b. Maintain visibility not less than the minimum specified;
c. Maintain visual contact with the landing runway environment;
d. By day or night, can complete a continuous descent to the landing threshold while maintaining obstacle clearance.
REF: AIP ENR 1.5, 1.6.6
What is the pilot’s option when daylight exists and obstacles can be seen?
The pilot has the option of descending from MDA from any position within the circling area while maintaining an obstacle clearance not less than that required for the aircraft performance category.
What happens once the pilot initiates descent below circling MDA?
The obstacle protection offered by visual circling at the MDA ends and the pilot is responsible for ensuring the required clearance from obstacles is maintained visually.
What is the minimum obstacle clearance for CAT A aircraft?
300 ft
What are the circling area radii for CAT A aircraft?
1.68 nm
What are the obstacle clearances for different aircraft categories?
CAT A/B = 300ft, CAT C/D = 400ft, CAT E = 500ft
What are the circling area radii for different aircraft categories?
CAT A = 1.68 nm
CAT B = 2.66 nm
CAT C = 4.2 nm
CAT D = 5.28 nm
CAT E = 6.94 nm
What are the Category Speeds under IFR for CAT A?
Initial and Intermediate Approach = 90 - 150, Reversal Procedures = 110
Final Approach = 70 - 100
Visual Manoeuvring (Circling) = 100
Missed Approach = 110
What are the Emergency SSR codes?
7700 – Emergency in flight,
7600 – Loss of two-way communications,
7500 – Unlawful interference
When can an aircraft descend below the LSALT/MSA?
‘DOVER’:
D - DME Arrival
O - Over the IAF for an IAP
V - Visual Approach
E - Emergency
R - RADAR Vectors.
