Must know medications

Question 1

What is the administration timing for Lispro/Aspart/Humalog?

Answer 1

Administer 10-15 before meal

Higher risk for hypoglycemia; commonly used.

Question 2

What is the dosage for Regular (R) Insulin IV Drip?

Answer 2

Given 30 minutes after breakfast

Question 3

When should NPH (Intermediate-Acting) insulin be administered?

Answer 3

Administered an hour after meals

Question 4

What is the classification of Metoprolol?

Answer 4

Beta-blocker

Question 5

What are the brand names for Metoprolol?

Answer 5

• Lopressor
• Toprol XL

Question 6

What are the actions of Metoprolol?

Answer 6

• Decreases cardiac excitability
• Decreases cardiac output
• Reduces blood pressure by decreasing renin release

Question 7

What is the dose range for Metoprolol?

Answer 7

Up to 400mg/day orally; 5mg IV bolus in ICU

Question 8

What is the primary use of Metoprolol?

Answer 8

Management of hypertension, early treatment of acute MI, prevention of angina

Question 9

What are some adverse effects of Metoprolol?

Answer 9

• Hypoglycemia
• Arrhythmias
• Thrombocytopenia
• Heart failure

Question 10

What nursing assessments should be performed for Metoprolol?

Answer 10

• Monitor ECG
• Monitor heart rate
• Monitor blood pressure
• Monitor blood sugar
• Monitor edema

Question 11

True or False: Docusate Sodium (Colace) increases water absorption in the gut to soften stool.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What is the dosage range for Docusate Sodium?

Answer 12

50-400mg orally in 1-4 divided doses with 8 oz of water

Question 13

What are some adverse effects of Docusate Sodium?

Answer 13

• Stomach pain
• Diarrhea
• Cramping
• Throat irritation
• Rash

Question 14

What are the actions and dosage for Acetaminophen (Tylenol)?

Answer 14

• Action: Analgesic and antipyretic; inhibits prostaglandins
• Dosage: 650-1000mg orally every 4-6 hours; IV over 15 minutes

Question 15

What are some adverse effects of Acetaminophen?

Answer 15

• Liver damage
• Hypertension
• Rash
• Neutropenia

Question 16

What is the mechanism of action for Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen?

Answer 16

Binds to opioid receptors to relieve moderate to severe pain

Question 17

What is the dosage for Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen?

Answer 17

5mg/300mg orally every 4-6 hours, up to 8 tablets daily

Question 18

What are some adverse effects of Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen?

Answer 18

• Dizziness
• Constipation
• Respiratory depression
• Hypotension
• Confusion

Question 19

What is the action of Morphine?

Answer 19

Binds to opiate receptors for analgesia and euphoria

Question 20

What is the dosage range for Morphine?

Answer 20

15-30mg orally every 4 hours; IV 0.1-0.2mg/kg every 4 hours

Question 21

What are some adverse effects of Morphine?

Answer 21

• Respiratory depression
• Sedation
• Constipation
• Nausea
• Vomiting

Question 22

What is the mechanism of action for Famotidine (Pepcid)?

Answer 22

Histamine 2 blocker; reduces stomach acid production

Question 23

What is the dosage for Famotidine?

Answer 23

40mg orally daily; 20mg IV BID over 15-30 mins

Question 24

What are the therapeutic uses for Omeprazole (Prilosec)?

Answer 24

GERD, ulcer treatment

Question 25

What is the mechanism of action for Heparin?

Answer 25

Prevents thrombosis or clots caused by medical conditions

Question 26

What is the dosage and route for Heparin?

Answer 26

Subcutaneous or IV administration (5000 units initially, then 20-40000 units daily), never IM

Question 27

What are some adverse effects of Heparin?

Answer 27

* Hemorrhage * Thrombosis * Thrombocytopenia

Question 28

What is the mechanism of action of Enoxaparin (Lovenox)?

Answer 28

Binds with and inactivates clotting factors, increasing antithrombin III

Question 29

What are the adverse effects of Vancomycin?

Answer 29

* Nephrotoxicity * Ototoxicity * 'Red man' syndrome * Thrombophlebitis * Allergy

Question 30

What is the therapeutic use of Cefazolin (Ancef)?

Answer 30

Prophylactic treatment for surgery, UTIs, pneumococcal pneumonia, and other infections

Question 31

What is the mechanism of action for Lisinopril (Zestril)?

Answer 31

Inhibits the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2

Question 32

What are some complications associated with Lisinopril?

Answer 32

* First-dose hypotension * Persistent dry cough * Hyperkalemia * Rash * Angioedema

Question 33

What are the therapeutic uses of Furosemide (Lasix)?

Answer 33

* Extensive diuresis * Edema * Hypertension * Congestive heart failure (CHF) * Acute pulmonary edema

Question 34

What is the primary use of Potassium Chloride?

Answer 34

Primarily for treating hypokalemia

Question 35

What action does Aspirin perform?

Answer 35

Prevents platelet aggregation, inhibiting arterial clotting

Question 36

What are some contraindications for Aspirin?

Answer 36

* Caution in pregnancy * Lactation * Bleeding disorders * Thrombocytopenia * Avoid in children under 19

Question 37

What is the mechanism of action for Ondansetron (Zofran)?

Answer 37

Blocks the vagus nerve to prevent nausea and vomiting