MUTATIONS Flashcards
(23 cards)
Mutation?
change in DNA of an organism & at alter how well the protein can do its job
Gene mutation ?
Change in bases
3 gene mutations
insertion , deletion, substitution
addition / deletion can cause?
FRAMESHIFT
Chromosomal mutations ? 4
deletion, translocation, duplication, inversion
mutagens?
substances/factors tha cause DNA mutation
carcinogens?
mutagens that cause cancer
tumour ?
mass of cancer cells
positive mutants
increase survavbility
negative mutations
decreased surviability
neutral mutations
causes change but no affect on surviabulity
Natural Selection?
traits of an organism selected for/against by “nature”
Artificial Selection?
traits of an organism are selected for/against by humans
genetic engineering ?
scientists use technology to manipulate genes
Transgenic organisms
genetic info has been changed with insertations of genes from other species
Gene therapy
change a genetic disorder in a human by inserting a “healthy” gene
Cloning
creating identical genetic copies of an organism
Restrictive Enzyme
used to cut the DNA at specific spots
sticky ends
sticks to other segments of DNA
vector
virus that will carry desired gene to the desired location
Explain the three types of gene mutations
insertation= based added , deletion= base removed , substitution= based replaced by diff base
Explain 4 chromosomal mutations
Deletion= chromosome segment lost, Translocation= segment from chromosome is transferred to another, Duplication= Segement from 1 chromosome transferred to its homologous chromosome, then giving it a duplicate of some genes , Inversion= Segement of chromosome is inverted
cancer
happens when several mutations “break” the cell cycle
