Mutations/Probability

Question 1

Mutation

Answer 1

Any change in DNA sequence/RNA.

Question 2

Nondisjunction

Answer 2

Failure of homologus chromosomes to seperate during meiosis.

Question 3

Monosomy

Answer 3

Missing a chromosome.

Question 4

Trisomy

Answer 4

Extra chromosome(s)

Question 5

Lethal Mutations cause

Answer 5

half of all miscarriges.

Question 6

Substitution

Answer 6

A singel change in 1 nucleotide (can have no effect)

Question 7

Frameshift

Answer 7

Nucleotides shift to fill in spaces/make room.

Question 8

Deletion

Answer 8

A nucleotide is missing, causes a framshift. (Harmful).

Question 9

Insertion

Answer 9

An extra nucleotide is added, causes a frameshift. (Harmful).

Question 10

Gene

Answer 10

Location on DNA that carries heritable information.

Question 11

Diploid

Answer 11

2n, have pairs of genes on homologus chromosomes.

Question 12

Allele

Answer 12

Alternative form of gene. AA, aa, Aa.

Question 13

Hybrid

Answer 13

Offspring that has 2 different alleles for a gene.

Question 14

Homozygous

Answer 14

2 identical alleles.

Question 15

Heterozygous

Answer 15

2 different alleles.

Question 16

Genotype

Answer 16

Genetic makeup of an organism.

Question 17

Phenotype

Answer 17

Physical appearance of an allele.

Question 18

Dominant

Answer 18

Trait that masks the apperance of another trait.

Question 19

Recessive

Answer 19

The trait that is masked in a heterozygous offspring.

Question 20

Homozygous Dominant

Answer 20

Pair of Dominant alleles, AA.

Question 21

Homozygous Recessive

Answer 21

Pair of recessive alleles, aa.

Question 22

Heterozygous

Answer 22

One of each allele, Aa.

Question 23

P

Answer 23

True breed parent generation.

Question 24

F1

Answer 24

1st generation of offspring.

Question 25

F2

Answer 25

Offspring of F1.

Question 26

Law of Segregation

Answer 26

Each allele of the pair sorts to a seperate gamete.

Question 27

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer 27

Genes get sorted into different gametes independent of eachother.

Question 28

Probabilty

Answer 28

Liklyhood that an event will occur.

Question 29

Complete Dominance

Answer 29

In a heterozygote, one allele completly covers another.

Question 30

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 30

Alleles blend in a heterozygote.

Question 31

Codominance

Answer 31

Both alleles are exspressed but do not blend.

Question 32

Polygenic

Answer 32

Traits controlled by more than one gene.

Question 33

Sex-Linked

Answer 33

Traits found on X Chromosome.

Question 34

Pedigree

Answer 34

Family tree of genes.

Question 35

Open Square

Answer 35

Unaffected male

Question 36

Open Circle

Answer 36

Unaffected female

Question 37

Filled in Square

Answer 37

Affected Male

Question 38

Filled in Circle

Answer 38

Affected Female

Question 39

Autosomal Recessive

Answer 39

Not Sex-linked

Question 40

Recessive Disease

Answer 40

Skips genrations, 2 unnafected parents can have an affected child.

Question 41

Dominant Disease

Answer 41

Doesn't skip generations, an affected child will have an affected parent.