MWU

Question 1

Risk

Answer 1

p that event will occur

Question 2

Risk Difference

Answer 2

Risk comparison of two groups

Question 3

Incidence

Answer 3

frequency of event (new illness) in a pop. in set time

Question 4

Prevalence

Answer 4

of of events (cases) in given population

Question 5

Hazard Rate

Answer 5

How fast people die due to factor X

Question 6

Attack Rate

Answer 6

Incidence Rate for small population for small time frame, like during epidemic

Question 7

Cohort

Answer 7

people with common experience or exposure, followed for incidence of new disease or event

Question 8

Cohort Study

Answer 8

observational analytical study of people with same exposure or of certain cohort

Question 9

Case Control Study

Answer 9

type of observational analytical study based on presence “case” or absence “control” of disease.

Question 10

Cross Sectional Study

Answer 10

observation of ALL of a population at one specific time

Question 11

Randomized Trial

Answer 11

Observational study of selecting individuals such that each individual has the same probability of selection for given variable.

Question 12

Confidence Interval

Answer 12

A range of values for a variable of interest

Question 13

STD DEV

Answer 13

most widely used measure of dispersion of a frequency distribution, equal to the positive square root of the variance

Question 14

Sensitivity

Answer 14

ability to detect persons with disease who actually have the disease. Be sensitive, they have a disease.

Question 15

Specificity

Answer 15

Ability to detect persons without the disease correctly by screen test. Be specific who does NOT have the disease. Treatment could kill

Question 16

Mortality Risk

Answer 16

measure of frequency of death in defined population in set period of time.

Question 17

Relative Risk

Answer 17

comparison of the risk of event/ disease in two groups

Question 18

Odds Ratio

Answer 18

measure of association, gives relationship btwn exposure and outcome from comparative study

Question 19

Absoute Error

Answer 19

Amount of physical error in a measurement

Question 20

Alpha Error

Answer 20

False Positive- statistical error of hypothesis is correct when in fact it is not.

Question 21

Beta Error

Answer 21

False Negative- Type II, shows negative when it is actually positive

Question 22

Pos. Predictive Value

Answer 22

measure of the predictive value of a reported case or epidemic. Positive result includes the disease

Question 23

Neg. Predictive Value

Answer 23

Likelihood that a negative test result excludes the diseae

Question 24

Risk Ratio

Answer 24

Compared risk in two groups for event or disease

Question 25

Public Health

Answer 25

study of the pattern and occurrence of a disease in a community in order to prevent the disease within the community.

Question 26

Epidemiology

Answer 26

Study of the distribution and determinants of health- related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to the control of health problems.

Question 27

Kappa Statistic

Answer 27

measurement of agreement btwn two observers

Question 28

Percent Agreement

Answer 28

inter-examiner reliability

Question 29

Cumulative Incidence

Answer 29

prob. that a particular event has occurred before given time. New cases/ pop at risk

Question 30

Confounder

Answer 30

not part of the real association with the actual disease

Question 31

Effect modifier

Answer 31

variable that modifies the observed effect of risk factor for disease

Question 32

Interaction

Answer 32

relationship of confounding factors on effect of outcome

Question 33

Regression

Answer 33

relation of predicted values of x and observed values of y

Question 34

Person Time

Answer 34

The sum of the time at risk for all persons in a population

Question 35

Attributable Risk

Answer 35

the difference in rate of a condition between an exposed population and an unexposed population

Question 36

Validity

Answer 36

extent that conclusion is well founded and corresponds accurately to the real world

Question 37

True positive

Answer 37

positive when it is in fact positive. Correct outcome for given stimulus

Question 38

True Negative

Answer 38

Correct non-response to non-stimulus. Negative result for negative condition

Question 39

False Positive

Answer 39

Alpha error, type 1. Postitive stimulus response to NO actual stimulus. Correct response when in fact not correct. Response below threshold

Question 40

False Negative

Answer 40

Beta error, type 2. No response to seen stimulus. negative response to positive input.

Question 41

Bias

Answer 41

Prejudice for predetermined outcome. Against unfavorable outcome and unfair advantage towards favorable outcome

Question 42

Reliability

Answer 42

yielding same or compatible results in different clinical experiments of trials

Question 43

Survival Rate

Answer 43

rate of survival of persons in study after treatment or placebo at set amount of time, 5, 10, 20 years etc

Question 44

Prevention

Answer 44

the intervening act in order of stopping an event from occurring

Question 45

Morbidity

Answer 45

departure from the state of well-being

Question 46

Association

Answer 46

Statistical relationship between two or more events, characteristics, or other variables.