my notes

Question 1

what is an atom

Answer 1

small part of substance that cant be broken down

Question 2

what are elements

Answer 2

1 type of atom

Question 3

what is a compound or a formula

Answer 3

2 types of elements combined

Question 4

what charge does protons have

Answer 4

positive

Question 5

what charge does electrons have

Answer 5

negative

Question 6

what charge does neutrons have

Answer 6

neutral charge (0 charge)

Question 7

what is the atomic number

Answer 7

number of protons

Question 8

what is the number of neutrons

Answer 8

the relative atomic mass

Question 9

true or false:
is the number of electrons and protons the same number

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

what are anions

Answer 10

atom gains electron (negative charge)

Question 11

what are cations

Answer 11

atoms looses electron (positive charge)

Question 12

what do non metals do

Answer 12

take electrons

Question 13

what do metals do

Answer 13

transfer electrons to non metals (give electrons)

Question 14

when are elements in their most stable form

Answer 14

when they have a full valence shell of electrons

Question 15

calcium phosphate as a formula

Answer 15

Ca3P2

Question 16

how would you write copper (lll) and iron (ll)

Answer 16

Cu3 and Fe2

Question 17

aluminum carbonate as a formula

Answer 17

Al2(Co3)3

Question 18

what is ionic bonding and describe electrons in ionic bonding

Answer 18

ionic bonding is between a metal and a non-metal. The electrons transfer from metal to non-metal

Question 19

what is covalent bonding and describe electrons in covalent bonding

Answer 19

covalent bonding is between two or more non-metals The electrons are shared between the non metals

Question 20

is chlorine an ionic or covalent bond

Answer 20

covalent bond (non-metal), sharing a pair of electrons

Question 21

write oxygen and hydrogen with lines (bond)

Answer 21

H-O-H = H2O

Question 22

what do these lines represent
(e.g. Cl-Cl)

Answer 22

a single bond. if it was two lines it would mean a double bond and so on…

Question 23

what bonding type is NaNo3 and why?

Answer 23

NaNo3 is sodium nitrate and it is a ionic bond. This is because a non metal and a metal are in the equation.

Question 24

what bond is this and how many lines
(PN) (phosphorous nitride)

Answer 24

P 3 lines N
covalent bond

Question 25

what electrons and bonds form for group 4

Answer 25

4 bonds and 4 electrons

Question 26

what electrons and bonds form for group 2

Answer 26

2 bonds and 2 electrons

Question 27

what keep covalent compounds bonded

Answer 27

sharing of electrons in the valence shell

Question 28

what keep ionic compounds bonded

Answer 28

the magnetic force attraction (cation and anion)

Question 29

what number is a mono prefix and give an example

Answer 29

mono=1 CO (carbon monoxide)

Question 30

what number is a di prefix and give an example

Answer 30

di=2 Co2 (carbon dioxide)

Question 31

what number is a tri prefix and give an example

Answer 31

tri=3 NF3 (nitrogen trifluoride)

Question 32

what number is a tetra prefix and give an example

Answer 32

tetra=4 CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride)

Question 33

what number is a pent(a) prefix and give an example

Answer 33

pent(a)=5 P205 (diphosphorous pentoxide)

Question 34

what number is a hexa prefix and give an example

Answer 34

hexa=6 SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride)

Question 35

what diagram is bohr model

Answer 35

the crosses used on the diagram

Question 36

what diagram is lewis model

Answer 36

the crosses and dots on the diagram

Question 37

what is the group number and the number of valence electrons

Answer 37

valence electrons are equal to the group number

Question 38

what is the period number and number of electron shells

Answer 38

electron shells is equal to the period number

Question 39

what direction do you move for more metallic elements

Answer 39

left to right

Question 40

what direction do you move to become more metallic

Answer 40

moving down a group

Question 41

iron (lll) and oxygen as a formula

Answer 41

Fe2O3

Question 42

difference between an ion and an atom

Answer 42

an ion shell always has to be full and an atom shell dosen't

Question 43

define 'low energy state'

Answer 43

atoms either loose or gain electrons to achieve a full valence shell. This makes ions more stable and less reactive.

Question 44

describe the attractive force observed in ionic bonding

Answer 44

cations and anions hold together due to a magnetic force as OPPOSITE CHARGES ATTRACT, and this is known as 'electrostatic force'

Question 45

what is the difference between bonding of NaCl and H20

Answer 45

NaCl- ionic bonding, sodium looses an electron transferring to chlorine. Sodium being a cation and Chlorine being an anion form an ionic bond as OPPOSITES ATTRACT H20- covalent bonding, share a pair of valence electrons