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Mercy CLS: Comprehensive Study > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

(98 cards)

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1
Q

pathogenic fungi that can be inhibited by a swab

A

Cryptococcus neoformans
Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Aspergillus fumigatus
Rhizopus spp.

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2
Q

destroyed by grinding, must mince specimen

A

Mucormycetes

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3
Q

inhibits most rapidly growing contaminating environmental molds

A

Cycloheximide

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4
Q

Used for subculture and maintenance of a wide variety of fungi

A

SAB
BHI

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5
Q

Must overlay SAB with olive oil to recover…

A

Malassezia furfur

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6
Q

Used for recovery of fungi such as C. neoformans from contaminated specimens

A

BHI with C and G

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7
Q

Contains chloramphenicol to inhibit bacteria and allow mold to grow

A

IMA

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8
Q

Dermatophytes turn agar from pink to red

A

DTM (dermatophyte test medium)

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9
Q

Used to isolate Mycobacteria and Nocardia spp. from specimens with mixed flora

A

7H11

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10
Q

Stimulates reproductive structures, spore production and colony pigmentation
Used for subculture of molds

A

Potato flake agar

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11
Q

Promotes hyphal and blastoconidia formation
Observe pseudohyphae and chlamydoconidia formation by C. albicans

A

cornmeal agar

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12
Q

Digests keratin
Clears the tissue to allow fungal elements to be more visible

A

KOH prep

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13
Q

Use to view the polysaccharide capsule of yeast especially Cryptococcus neoformans in CSF

A

India ink prep

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14
Q

stain used to visualize Histoplasma inside macrophages

A

Giemsa/Wright

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15
Q

partially acid fast with the modified Kinyoun method

A

Nocardia spp.

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16
Q

dimorphic fungi

A

mold phase at 30˚C and yeast phase at 35˚C (in body)

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17
Q

Black, gray, dark green or brown colored surface and reverse

A

dematiaceous molds

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18
Q

Lactophenol cotton/aniline blue (LPCB or LPAB)

A

wet tease mount or scotch tape mount for molds

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19
Q

direct detection of Cryptococcus neoformans in body fluids such as CSF

A

cryptococcal antigen test

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20
Q

saprophytic fungi

A

opportunistic

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21
Q

creates a powerful carcinogenic mycotoxin in stored peanuts and grains

A

Aspergillus flavus

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22
Q

Hyphae are usually irregular and haphazardly arranged with 45° angled branching

A

Aspergillus

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23
Q

black mold, yellow reverse
entire vesicle covered with conidia

A

A. niger

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24
Q

uncontrolled DM
invades and clots blood vessels
rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis

A

Mucormycetes

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25
Called “lid lifters” rapid growth
Mucormycetes
26
Rhizoids at base of sporangiophore(s)
Rhizopus
27
No rhizoids Aseptate hyphae
Mucor
28
Rhizoids are located between the sporangiophores (internodal) rather than directly under them
Lichtheimia (Absidia)
29
Entire structure looks like a makeup brush or straw broom
Penicillium
30
Phialides look like a bowling pin and tend to bend away from the conidiophore
Paecilomyces
31
large thick walled conidiospores in chains 2-3 times larger than those of Penicillium and Paecilomyces Lemon shaped with a flat base
Scopulariopsis
32
Surface is cottony to woolly and appears white to a distinctive pink or lavender center
Fusarium
33
macroconidia are long, sickle or canoe/banana shaped and multicelled
Fusarium
34
Swollen fungal tumor-like lesions that are grotesque and disfiguring
Acremonium
35
Conidia are elongated Arranged in a loose crisscross or diphtheroid pattern
Acremonium
36
Survives in the feces of birds (pigeons, chickens, turkeys) and contaminated soil Prefers the CNS
C. neoformans
37
In tissue, the organism tends to look like soap bubbles due to its large capsule Prone to masses in lung and brain
C. gattii
38
very mucoid fungus
C. neoformans
39
black with Niger seed agar or caffeic acid disk due to phenoloxidase
C. neoformans
40
PRO + MUGAL +
C. albicans C. dubliniensis
41
Associated with recurrent oral candidiasis in HIV patients Develops resistance to fluconazole
C. dubliniensis
42
2nd most common cause of fungal UTI
C. glabrata (now Nakaseomyces)
43
Innately resistant to fluconazole
C. krusei (Pichia kudriavzevii)
44
Can observe in bathrooms on shower curtains, tub grout, toothbrushes, toilet — pink film
Rhodotorula
45
Common baker’s or brewer’s yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
46
True hyphae that segments into rectangular arthroconidia No pseudohyphae No blastoconidia
Geotrichum spp. (Magnusiomyces spp.)
47
Chronic infection with development of warty nodules, tumor-like masses and cauliflower-like lesions containing sclerotic bodies
Chromoblastomycosis
48
Brown and round with a single septum Look like copper pennies
Sclerotic bodies Chromoblastomycosis
49
Chronic infection with subcutaneous tumor-like lesions that produce pus through draining sinuses Fungal granules in the pus
Mycetoma
50
Infection involving granulomas and multiple abscesses No sclerotic bodies
Phaeohyphomycosis
51
The branch bearing the chain of conidia can look like a medieval knight’s shield
Cladosporium
52
Can have horizontal and longitudinal septations Hopscotch pattern
Alternaria
53
Elongated conidiophores look like peas in a pod Zig-zag appearance (bipolar – back and forth)
Bipolaris
54
Conidia are large with 4-5 cells with thin cell wall Appear curved due to swelling of center cell Croissant
Curvularia
55
Conidiophores (actually are called annellophores) produce a ring (annelid) every time it releases a conidium May look like sperm
Scedosporium apiospermum/boydii
56
Round to oval conidia accumulate in a mass at the top of the phialades Look like a vase of flowers
Phialophora verrucosa
57
Numerous annellides (conidiophores) Slender, tubular, sometimes branched and taper to a narrow, elongated tip (duck bill)
Exophiala jeanselmei
58
Difficult to differentiate from Exophiala jeanselmei Round to oval conidia accumulate at the apex of the phialide and down the sides of the conidiophore
Wangiella (Exophiala) dermatitidis
59
Most common cause of chromoblastomycosis in the world
Fonsecaea pedrosoi
60
Four types of conidia formation are possible Can see anywhere from 1 to all 4 microscopic morphologies
Fonsecaea pedrosoi
61
Associated with sick building syndrome (black mold)
Stachybotrys chartarum
62
Clusters of 3 to 10 black phialides
Stachybotrys chartarum
63
achlorophyllous algae Sporangia with sporangiospores (endospores) No budding and no hyphae
Prototheca
64
Causes Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) Foamy exudate in alveolar spaces Occurs in AIDS pts
Pneumocystis jiroveci
65
Usually look for cyst rather than trophozoite Cyst looks like a collapsed basketball
Pneumocystis jiroveci
66
cave disease, spelunker’s disease
Histoplasma capsulatum
67
May see yeast cells in neutrophil cytoplasm of peripheral blood smears (Giemsa or Wright stain)
Histoplasma
68
Macroconidia look like spiky sweet gum seeds from the sweet gum tree
Histoplasma
69
Can be easily confused with Histoplasma capsulatum Does not have a yeast phase (no dimorphism)
Sepedonium
70
Found in soil, the woods and in areas near water Any activity associated with aerosolization of soil or wood
Blastomyces dermatitidis
71
Production of numerous skin and mucous membrane lesions that can resemble cancer DM is a risk factor
Blastomyces
72
Broad based bud Conidia resemble lollipops
Blastomyces dermatitidis
73
San Joaquin valley fever, desert rheumatism, Posada’s diseass
Coccidioides immitis
74
Occupational hazards with aerosols (desert windstorms) and working in dirt
Coccidioides immitis
75
The most infectious of all dimorphic fungi to handle in the clinical lab
Coccidioides immitis
76
Large arthroconidia form from the hyphae Alternates the spores with dead space called a disjunctor cell
Coccidioides immitis
77
Estrogen has an inhibitory effect on the organism’s ability to convert from a mold to the yeast form in the body
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
78
Characteristically exhibit peripheral budding Looks like a ship’s steering wheel or pilot’s wheel
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
79
rose gardener’s disease Yeast spindle or cigar-shaped Top of conidiophore had a rosette-like (flower-like) cluster of small teardrop shaped conidia
Sporothrix schenckii
80
Acne-like skin papules on face, trunk, and extremities during disease process Usually fatal
Penicillium marneffei
81
Produces a deep red soluble pigment that diffuses into medium after 3-7 days Best observed on potato dextrose agar (PDA)
Penicillium marneffei
82
Causes tinea (pityriasis) versicolor
Malassezia furfur
83
Causes white piedra of facial, axillary and genital hairs
Trichosporon
84
Causes black piedra
Piedraia hortae
85
Causes tinea nigra
Hortaea werneckii
86
fungi resembling spaghetti & meatballs
M. furfur
87
Collectively cause “ringworm”
dermatophytes
88
infects hair, nails and skin
Trichophyton
89
Comb-like or antler (pectinate) hyphae can be present
Microsporum audouinii
90
Ringworm usually acquired from infected dogs or cats
Microsporum canis
91
Long, multiseptate (usually more than 6), spindle shaped macroconidia Tapers like a dog’s snout with whiskers
Microsporum canis
92
Pencil to cigar shaped macroconidia Microconidia predominate Hair, skin and nails
Trichophyton
93
Common cause of athlete’s foot
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
94
Reverse has a wine-red pigment that diffuses into the agar Most common dermatophyte
Trichophyton rubrum
95
Predominantly single tear-shaped microconidia arranged on all sides of the hyphae Rare macroconidia (baseball bats)
Trichophyton rubrum
96
Produces only large, multi-septate, smooth walled and club shaped (beaver tail) macroconidia
Epidermophyton
97
dermatophytes that fluoresce under UV light
M. canis M. audouinii
98
Branching gram positive rod Branches at right angles Catalase +
Streptomyces

Mercy CLS: Comprehensive Study (9 decks)

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