Mycology

Question 0

Ingestion of contaminated peanuts and grains causes liver cancer due to AFLUTOXIN

Answer 0

Aspergillus flavus

Question 1

Liver necrosis due to AMANITIN and PHYLLOIDIN

Answer 1

Amanita mushrooms

Question 2

Inhalation of the spores causes allergic bronchi pulmonary aspergillosis (IgE-mediated)

Answer 2

Aspergillus fumigatus

Question 3

Complex carbohydrate cell walls

Answer 3

Chitin
Glucan
Mitochondria

Question 4

Major membrane sterol

Answer 4

Ergosterol

Question 5

Study of fungi

Answer 5

Mycology

Question 6

Infect only superficial keratinization structures

Answer 6

Dermatophytoses

Question 7

3 important dermatophytes

Answer 7

Microsporum canis
Trichophyton tonsurans
Epidermophyton floccosum

Question 8

Spectrum of disease ( dermatophytoses)

Answer 8

Tinea pedis
Tinea unguium
Tinea corporis
Tinea cruris (jock itch)
Tinea manum
Tinea capitis
Tinea barbae affects facial hair

Question 9

Diagnosis (dermatophytoses)

Answer 9

Green fluorescence on Wood’s lamp
Sabourad’s agar: hyphae and conidia
10% KOH: septate hyphae

Question 10

Superficial skin infection of cosmetic importance
Hypopigmented areas
Spaghetti and meatballs appearance on 10% KOH
Tx: MICONAZOLE

Answer 10

Tinea Versicolor ( Malassezia Furfur)

“AN-AN”

Question 11

Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation
Occurs most often in gardeners, especially those who prune roses
Transmission: thorn prick
Tx: ITRACONAZOLE or POTASSIUM IODIDE

Answer 11

Sporotrichosis (Sporothrix Schenckii)

Question 12

Dermatophytoses
Malassezia Furfur
Sporothrix Schenckii

Answer 12

Cutaneous mycoses

Question 13

Dimorphic fungus that exists as a mold in soil and as a spherule in tissue
Endemic in arid regions of the southwestern US and Latin America
Very common in Filipinos living in Latin America and southwestern USA
Inhalation of arthrospores

Answer 13

Coccodoides immitis

Question 14

Spectrum of disease (coccidiodes immitis)

Answer 14

Valley of fever
Influenza like illness
Lung infiltrates, adenopathy, or effusions
Erythema nodosum (dessert bumps)
Arthralgias
Meningitis

Question 15

Valley fever

Treatment (DOC)

Answer 15

Amphotericin B or itraconazole

Fluconazole (meningitis)

Question 16

Dimorphic fungus
Endemic in Ohio and Mississippi River valleys
Grows in soil contaminated with bird droppings
Starling or bat guano
Transmission: inhalation of airborne microconidia

Answer 16

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 17

Two types of asexual spores ( histoplasma capsulatum)

Answer 17

Tuberculate macroconidia

Microconidia

Question 18

Typical thick walls and fingerlike projections

Important in laboratory identification

Answer 18

Tuberculate macroconidia

Question 19

Smaller, thin, smooth-walled spores

If inhaled, transmit the infection

Answer 19

Microconidia (histoplasma capsulatum)

Question 20

Dimorphic fungus
Round yeast with broad-base bud
Endemic in Eastern North America 
Spectrum of disease: BLASTOMYCOSIS 
most common cause of fungal pneumonia
Tx: itraconazole (DOC), amohotericin B for severe infections

Answer 20

Blastomyces Dermatitidis

Question 21

Dimorphism fungus
Thick yeast with multiple buds in wheel configuration (mariner’s wheel)
Restricted to Central and South America

Answer 21

Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis

Question 22

Indeterminate organism
Major surface glycoprotein undergoes programmed rearrangements
Diagnosis by staining BAL washings

Answer 22

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Question 23

Sacrophytic molds with nonseptate hyphae with walls and branches at right angles
Rhino-orbital-cerebral infection with eschar formation
Patients with DKA, burns, or leukemia

Answer 23

Mucormycosis

Rhizopus Oryzae and Mucor spp

Question 24

Exist only as molds | Septate hyphae that for, V-shaped dichomotomous branches

Answer 24

Aspergillus fumigates

Question 25

Can you name two mimickers of PTB?

Answer 25

Histoplasma | Paragonimus westermani

Question 26

Oval yeast with narrow-based bud surrounded by a wide polysaccharide capsule seen in INDIA INK PREPARATION positive latex agglutination test (CALAS) Transmission: bird droppings A symptomatic lung infection

Answer 26

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 27

Dermatophytoses

Answer 27

``` Tinea pedis Tinea ungulum Tinea corporis Tinea cruris Tinea magnum Tinea capitis Tinea barbae ```

Question 28

Athlete’s foot

Answer 28

Tinea pedis

Question 29

Jock itch

Answer 29

Tinea cruris

Question 30

Spaghetti and meatballs appearance on 10% KOH Hypopigmented areas

Answer 30

Malasezzia furfur

Question 31

Gardener

Answer 31

Sporothrix schenkii

Question 32

Lung infiltrates, adenopathy or effusions Erythema nodusum (dessert bumps) Arthralgias Meningitis

Answer 32

Coccidiodes immitis

Question 33

Closely mimics TB Chronic pneumonia Erythema nodusum Tongue ulcerations in AIDS patients

Answer 33

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 34

Dimorphic yeast Chornic pneumonia Ulcerated granulomas Lytic bone lesions Prostatitis

Answer 34

Blastomyces dermatidis

Question 35

Oral thrush Vulvovaginitis (curd like discharge) Intertigo Satellite lesions Onychomycosis Esophagitis

Answer 35

Candida albicans

Question 36

Mariner’s wheel

Answer 36

Paracoccidiodes Brasiliensis