Mycology Flashcards
(28 cards)
what is a heterotroph?
an organism that cannot manufacture its own food and does so using complex organic substances
what is a symbiont?
an organism living in symbiosis with another
what is hyphae?
each of the branching filaments that make up the myocelium of a fungus
what is septate hyphae?
hyphae divided into cells with separate nuclei and organelles
what is aseptate hyphae?
hyphae not partitioned into smaller cells and are multinucleate and coenocytic
what does coenocytic mean?
a multinucleate cell which can result from multiple nucleate divisions without carrying out cytokinesis
what is the mycelium?
the entire hyphae mass
what was the first eukaryote to have its genome sequenced?
saccharomyces cerevisiae
what kind of pathogen can switch from budding to hyphae form?
Candida albicans
what kind of fungi is apical growth crucial to and why?
saprotrophic fungi as their cellulose decaying enzymes cannot diffuse into woody tissue
why is apical growth useful for pathogenic fungi?
because they use this in order to create hydrological pressure in order to penetrate host defences
what is a spitzenkorper?
an apical body which is a cluster of small, membrane bound vesicles embedded in a meshwork of microfilaments
how are apical bodies transported to the spitzenkorper?
they are produced by the golgi bodies and transported to the tip using microtubules or actin filaments
what is the domain of fungi?
eukarya
what are the three main phyla of the fungal kingdom?
ascomycota, basidiomyocta and chrytidiomycota
what are the features of ascomycota?
constituted of filamentous fungi and yeasts, used medically and commercially, contains diseases causing pathogens
how is ascomycota characterised in terms of reproduction?
by the production of spores in ascus during a sexual cycle
how do basidiomycota reproduce?
sexually through the production of a basidiocarp and basidiospores
what is a basidiocarp?
a fruiting body on which sexually produces spores form, club shaped
what kind of mycelium do chrytidiomycota have?
aseptate
what is different about the hyphae in chrytidiomyocta?
it may branch to form root-like rhizoids in the food source
what is the cell wall of a chrytridiomycota made of?
chitin
what is the purpose of a diploid state in fungal reproduction?
a transient state often used in order to get back to the haploid state, before the formation of haploid gametes
how does asexual fungal reproduction occur?
nuclei of somatic cells divide by constriction or mitosis and the daughter cells are liberated
