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MHD Pulm Heme Block > Mycology I > Flashcards

Mycology I Flashcards

1
Q

The important structures of yeasts and molds

A
  • Solitary –> germ tube –> Hyphae –> Mycelium

- Solitary –> Blastoconidia –> pseudohyphae

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2
Q

What are the important structures in Sporangiospores?

A 
Rhizoids
Sporangiophore
Columella
Sporangium
Sporangiospore
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3
Q

What are the important structures in Conidia?

A 
Septate Hyphae
Conidiophore
Vesicle
Phialide
Conidia
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4
Q

Risk factors for Fungi

A
  • Person to Person
  • Contact with environment
  • Contact with animals
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5
Q

Clinical manifestations of Candida

A
  • Mucocutaneous infection
  • Vulvovaginal candidiasis
  • Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
  • Candida endopthalmitis
  • Candida Esophagitis
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6
Q

Describe mucocutaneous infection by Candida

A

Thrush is a yeast infection that causes white patches in the mouth and on the tongue

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7
Q

How does someone get vulvocandidiasis?

A

-Candida overgrowth [due to certain medicines or uncontrolled diabetes]

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8
Q

What is chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis?

A
  • Hereditary immunodeficiency disorder due to malfunction of T cells
  • usually begin during infancy
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9
Q

How is candida endopthalmitis acquired?

A
  • Exogenously or endogenously

- vitreous is infected and can lead to loss of sight

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10
Q

What are some other Candida infections?

A
  • Fungemia
  • Endocarditis
  • Pulmonary Infection
  • Urinary tract infection
  • Meningitis
  • Endophthalmitis
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11
Q

How do you test for Candida albicans?

A

Direct exam by Gram stain or calcofluor stain

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12
Q

What are the morphological features of Candida?

A
  • Budding yeast in bodily fluids
  • Pseudohyphae in tissue
  • Germ tubes for hyphae upon inoculation
  • Asexual spores [chlamydospores]
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13
Q

Morphology of Aspergillus

A
  • Conidia
  • dichotomous branching
  • septate hyphae
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14
Q

Clinical manifestations of Aspergillus

A
  • Allergic aspergillosis
  • Fungus ball in pre-existing cavity
  • Invasive aspergillosis
  • Dissemination infection
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15
Q

What is the common aspergillus species?

A

Fumigatus

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16
Q

How do you identify aspergillus?

A

color and structures

17
Q

Where do you find agents of mucormycosis?

A

common components of decaying organic debris commonly found on fruit, bread, and in soil

18
Q

Clinical syndromes of mucormycosis

A
  • Rhinocerebral mucormycosis
  • Pulmonary involvement
  • GI Tract involvement
  • Cutaneous
  • Disseminated disease
19
Q

What is rhino cerebral mucormycosis?

A
  • Most frequent presentation overall and classically affects diabetics with ketoacidosis
  • Presents with facial and/or eye pain, proptosis and progressive signs of involvement of orbital structures (muscles, nerves, and vessels)
  • usually results in death within a few days (mortality rate is approximately 85%)
20
Q

What is pulmonary mucormycosis?

A
  • occurs most frequently among neutropenic patients

- presents with nonspecific symptoms such as fever, cough, dyspnea; hemoptysis may occur with vascular invasion

21
Q

What is GI murcomycosis?

A
  • usually affects patients with severe malnutrition
  • may involve stomach, ileum, and colon
  • clinical picture mimics intra-abdominal abscess [diagnosis often made at autopsy]
22
Q

What is cutaneous mucormycosis?

A

necrotic lesions progressively evolve from the epidermis into dermis and muscle

23
Q

Morphology of mucormycosis

A
  • broad, non septate hyphae
  • growth is wooly white to grey
  • sporangia
24
Q

What is dermatophytosis?

A

Fungal infection of keratinized tissues (skin, hair, nails) caused by a group of specialized fungi
-invasion of subcutaneous or deep tissues is very rare

25
Q

What are the classifications of dermatophytes?

A
  • Epidermophyton
  • Microsporum
  • Trichophyton
26
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of dermatophytes?

A
  • Tinea pedis
  • Tinea capris
  • Tinea corporis
  • Tinea cruris
27
Q

What is tinea pedis?

A
  • Athlete’s foot
  • begins as weeping, peeling lesion between 4th and 5th toe
  • In toe webs there can be scaling, fissuring, maceration, and erythema associated with itching or burning sensation
28
Q

What is tinea capitis?

A
  • Infection may be patchy or extensive and eventually involve entire scalp
  • Hair becomes dull, lusterless and tends to break off 1-2 mm above hair follicle
29
Q

What is tinea corporis?

A
  • dermatophytosis of glabrous skin.
  • most commonly occurs in children and may be seen on face, shoulder, arms, or other surfaces
  • Lesions variable in size, annular, sharply marginated, exhibit raised red, serpiginous border
30
Q

What is tinea cruris?

A
  • Infection of the groin, perineum, scrotum, perianal area [more common in men]
  • Erythema, pustule formation, hyper pigmentation of affected areas associated with chronic infection, itching or burning common
31
Q

How do you test for dermatophytosis?

A
  • Direct examination of leading edge of skin lesion by KOH or calcofluor
  • identify by color, growth, conidia shape
  • scrape leading edge of skin lesion

MHD Pulm Heme Block (11 decks)

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