Mycology: Invasive

Question 1

Dimorphic fungi (6)

Answer 1

1. Blastomyces
2. Histoplasma
3. Coccidiodes
4. Sporothrix
5. Paracoccidioides
6. P. marneffei

Question 2

Where does cryptococcus (neoformans vs gattii) like to grow?

- Which one is likely to cause disease in healthy indiv?

Answer 2

Neoformans:
bird droppings
(pigeon)
- immune compromised

C. gattii:
Trees (euchalyptes ect)
- healthy people

Question 3

Do fungal meningoencephalitis have high ICP?

Answer 3

Yes

*both bacterial and viral as well - but viral OP can be nl

Question 4

Which type of infxn, bacterial, fungal, or viral, will have Increased PMNs vs increased lymphocytes in meningitis?

Answer 4

Bacterial: increased PMNs

Fungal+viral:
Increased lymphocyte

Question 5

Brown on birdseed agar

Answer 5

cryptococcus neoformans

Question 6

Top 4 causes of nosocomial bloodstream infxn

Answer 6

1. Coag - staph
2. S. aureus
3. Enterococci
4. Candida

Question 7

Candida likes to go to eye and cause

Answer 7

endogeneous endophthalmitis

Question 8

What media can candida grow on?

Answer 8

any conventional media

Question 9

Candida likes to invade the mucosa, where does aspergillus like to invade?

Answer 9

Sinus
Lung (cavities)
Skin

Question 10

Halo sign on x ray

Answer 10

Aspergillus

Question 11

Thin septate hyphae with 45 degree branching

Answer 11

Aspergillus fumigatus

Question 12

Moulds like that like glucose, acid, and iron

Answer 12

Mucorales

• Rhizopus
• Mucor

Question 13

Treatment with deferoxamine can lead to what infxn?

Answer 13

Mucorales

• Rhizopus
• Mucor

*even though it is an iron chelating agent used in cases of Iron overload, Mucor takes advantage of Deferoxamine mobilizing host Iron

Question 14

Irregular, broad, nonseptate hyphae with wide 90 degree ribbon-like branching

Answer 14

Mucorales

• Rhizopus
• Mucor

Question 15

“Mouse fur on a plate”

Answer 15

Black mould

• Dematiaceous moulds
• makes melanin

Question 16

How do you get Dematiaceous moulds?

Answer 16

Soil saprophytes

Direct inoculation

Question 17

systemic mycoses that forms pylogranulomatous (granulomas) nodules

Answer 17

Blastomycosis

Question 18

List order of strongest to weakest antifungal

• ITRA
• AmB
• FLU
• KETO
• VORI

Answer 18

AmB > ITRA > VORI > FLU > KETO

Question 19

Erythema nodosum

Answer 19

Coccidioidomycosis

+ Histoplasmosis

Question 20

Compare to RBC
Coccidioidomycosus
Blastomycosis
Histoplasmosis

Answer 20

Coccidioidomycosus > RBC
Blastomycosis = RBC
Histoplasmosis

Question 21

Spherules filled with endospores

ALternating arthroconidia + positive DNA probe

Caseating granuloma

Answer 21

Coccidioidomycosus

Question 22

Antibodies disappear when “fixed” for Coccidioidomycosus indicates?

Answer 22

Coccidioidomycosus
- any detectable Ab is active disease

If cured, serology should be undetectable

Question 23

Classic triad of paracoccidioidomycosis

Answer 23

1. Edentulous
2. Cervical lymphadenopathy
3. Chronic pulmonary disease

Question 24

Mississippi, Ohioriver valley

Answer 24

Histo
+
Blastomycosis

*overlap

Question 25

Histo hides _____

Answer 25

in macrophages | bc they are smaller than RBC

Question 26

Rose gardner disease | *can be zoonotic

Answer 26

Sporothrix schenckii

Question 27

Cigar shaped budding yeast that lives on vegetation

Answer 27

Sporothrix schenckii

Question 28

Nodules and ulcers extending along path of lymphatic drainage

Answer 28

sporotrichosis

Question 29

HIV pts SE Asia Bamboo rat range

Answer 29

Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei

Question 30

Red diffusible pigment | "skeleton hands"

Answer 30

Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei