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Mycology terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Acropleurogenous

A

Conidia developing at the tip and along the sides of the conidiophore.

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2
Q

Ameroconidium (pl. ameroconidium)

A

A one-celled conidium.

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3
Q

Anamorph

A

An asexual state of a fungus.

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4
Q

Anisogamous planogametes

A

motile gametes which are morphologically similar but which differ in size

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5
Q

Anisogamy

A

union of planogametes which are morphologically similar but which differ in size.

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6
Q

Apothecium

A

cup-shaped fruitbody of certain ascomycetes fungi

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7
Q

arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM)

A

(a mycorrhiza) where fungi from the Glomeromycota penetrate the roots of a (usually herbaceous) plant and provide the plant with water and nutrients while the plant supplies sugars to the fungus

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8
Q

Apothecium

A

an open ascocarp

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9
Q

Archicarp

A

the initial stage of a fruiting body.

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10
Q

Ascocarp

A

Fruitbody of an ascomycete fungus

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11
Q

Ascogonium

A

the female gametangium of the Ascomycota

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12
Q

Ascomycetes

A

A group of fungi that reproduce sexually by the endogenous formation of ascospores in an ascus.

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13
Q

Ascospores

A

sexual spores produced in the asci of ascomycetes fungi

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14
Q

ascus

A

(pl., asci) the spore-producing cell of an ascomycetes fruitbody

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15
Q

Aseptate

A

Lacking septa, often pertaining to the hyphae seen in zygomycetes (also see coenocytic).

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16
Q

basidiocarp

A

fruitbody of a basidiomycete fungus

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17
Q

basidiomycetes

A

a - Class of fungi that produce their spores on basidia

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18
Q

basidiospores

A

sexual spores produced on the basidia of basidiomycetes fungi

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19
Q

basidium

A

(pl., basidia) spore-producing cell of a basidiomycete fungus

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20
Q

biotrophic

A

feeding on living cells of other organisms

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21
Q

Bud

A

A young conidium. Usually used to denote the young blastoconidia of yeasts.

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22
Q

Budding

A

Asexual multiplication by the production of a small outgrowth or bud from a parent cell.

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23
Q

bulbous

A

(describing a stem) with a swollen base

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24
Q

Chlamydoconidium

A

A thick-walled, thallic conidium formed within the vegetative hyphae. Chlamydoconidia function as organs of perennation rather than dissemination.

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25
chlamydospores
asexual spores formed by the breaking up of fungal hyphae
26
clamp connection
swollen area formed around septum in a hypha during cell division
27
Cleistothecium
An enclosed ascocarp containing randomly dispersed asci.
28
Colony
a group of individuals of the same species living in close association. In fungi, the term usually refers to any hyphae growing out of a single point and forming a round or globose thallus.
29
Columella (pl. columellae)
A sterile dome-like structure at the tip of a sporangiophore or within a sporangium.
30
Conidiophore
A specialized hypha upon which conidia develop.
31
Conidium (pl. conidia)
An asexual reproductive propagule formed in any manner that does not involve cytoplasmic cleavage. Conidia function as organs of dissemination.
32
Denticle
A small projection or peg on which conidia are produced.
33
dichotomous
forking/divided into pairs – as in logical decision-making trees
34
Dictyoconidium
A conidium with both longitudinal and transverse septa; a muriform conidium.
35
Didmoconidium
A two celled conidium.
36
Dikaryon
a pair of closely associated nuclei, each derived from a different parent cell.
37
ectomycorrhiza
(a mycorrhiza) where the fungus forms sheathes around plant rootlets (often of a tree), growing between but not penetrating the cells of the plant root, and providing the plant with water and nutrients while the plant supplies sugars to the fungus
38
endomycorrhiza
mycorrhiza in which fungal hyphae penetrate cell walls of host plan
39
endophyte
fungus living within a plant without causing visible symptoms of harm
40
Exudate
Droplets of fluid formed on the surface of a colony.
41
Facultative parasite
an organism capable of infecting another living organism or of growing on dead organic matter, according to circumstances.
42
Facultative saprobe
an organism capable of growing on dead organic matter, or of infecting another living organism, according to circumstances.
43
Fission
the splitting of a cell into two cells directly.
44
Fructification
any fungal structure that contains or bears spores.
45
Fungus
One of the achlorophyllous thallophytes whose somatic structures are usually filamentous and branched fungi have cell walls and demonstrable nuclei. They reproduce typically both by sexual and asexual means.
46
Germ tube
The initial hypha that develops from a conidium or spore.
47
Haustorium
absorbing organ originating on a hypha of a parasite and penetrating into a cell of the host. Most often associated with obligate parasites, but also produced by some facultative parasites.
48
hemicellulose
amorphous (non-crystalline) polysaccharides in plant cell walls
49
Heteroecism
the necessity of two host species for the completion of the life cycle of certain parasitic fungi.
50
Heterogametes
male and female gametes that are distinguishable morphologically
51
Heterokaryotic
containing nuclei of different strains.
52
hyaline
clear (colourless) when viewed under a microscope
53
hygrophanous
appearing translucent when wet, paler and opaquer when dry
54
hymenium
fertile spore-bearing tissue (e.g. on mushroom gill or pore surfaces)
55
Hypha (pl. hyphae)
A single filament of a fungus.
56
Isogamete
gametes, presumably of opposite sex, which are indistinguishable morphologically
57
lamellae
gills
58
Medium
sub-stratum of a balanced chemical composition employed in the laboratory for growing microorganisms. Media may be used in the liquid state or may be solidified with agar, gelatin, or other solidifying agents.
59
mycelium
body of a fungus, most of which is underground or hidden within wood
60
mycobiont
the fungal component of a lichen or of a mycorrhizal partnership
61
mycorrhiza
structure by which a fungus and a plant exchange nutrients mutually
62
necrotrophic
feeding by killing and consuming (part of) another organism
63
Obligate parasite
an organism which can obtain food only from living protoplasm. Obligate parasites cannot be grown in culture on non-living media organelle
64
parasitism
process whereby an organism feeds at the expense of another (host)
65
Parthenogenesis
the development of the normal product of sexual reproduction from the female gamete alone.
66
Peridium
The outer wall of an ascocarp.
67
photobiont
photosynthesizing component (alga or cyanobacterium) of a lichen
68
Rhizoids
A short branching root-like hyphae seen in some Zygomycetes.
69
Sclerotium (sclerotia)
A mass of thick-walled cells formed by the vegetative hyphae that function as an organ of perennation.
70
septate
(describing hyphae) partitioned by cross walls known as sept
71
septum
(pl., septa) a cross wall separating cells of a hyphal thread
72
Sporangiophore
hypha that bears a sporangium
73
Sporangium
a cell that contains one or more spores. Generally an asexual structure
74
spore
reproductive structure of a fungus, usually a single cel
75
sporophore
fungal fruitbody
76
stipe
stem of a mushroom
77
Teleomorph
The sexual state of a fungus.
78
thallus
(pl., thalli) the body of a fungus or a lichen

Mycology (1 decks)

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