Mycoses Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
Presents larger, softer, YELLOWISH nodule in the hair in ALL parts of the body. Give the infection and the causative agent.
A
White Piedra
Causative agent: Trichosporon beigelii
2
Q
Treatment for Pityriasis versicolor. Give the two.
A
Selenium sulfide
Azole
3
Q
Causative agent of a lesion that appears as dark brown or black formation of the palms
A
Cladosporium werneckii
4
Q
Give the three possible causative agent of Pityriasis versicolor.
A
- Malassezia furfur
- Malassezia globosa
- Malassezia restica
5
Q
Specimen used for the diagnosis of Tinea palmaris.
A
Skin scraping from the periphery of the skin lesion.
7
Q
Give three types of dermatophytes according to habitat.
A
GeoPHILIC
ZooPHILIC
AnthropoPHILIC
8
Q
Give three treatment for Tinea nigra.
A
- Keratolytic solutions
- Salicylic acid
- Azole
9
Q
“Ringworm of the body”
A
Tinea corposis
10
Q
Caused by fungi that infect only the keratinized tissue of the body. This is also called as?
A
Cutaneous mycoses
“Dermatophytes”
11
Q
Onychomycosis
A
Tinea unguium
12
Q
Jock itch
A
Tinea cruris
13
Q
Two tests for Pityriasis versicolor.
A
- 10-20% KOH
2. Calcofluor White Stain
14
Q
Nodular infection of the hair shaft.
A
Black Piedra
15
Q
“Ringworm of the groin”
A
Tinea cruris
16
Q
Causative agent of the nodular infection of the hair shaft.
A
Piedraia hortae
18
Q
“Ringworm of the
hands or finger”
A
Tinea manus
19
Q
“Ringworm of the scalp and hair”
A
Tinea capitis
20
Q
“Ringworm of the beard”
A
Tinea barbae
21
Q
What will you look for under direct microscopic examination for plucked hair specimen?
A
- Ectothrix
2. Endothrix
22
Q
“Athlete’s foot”
A
Tinea pedis
23
Q
“Ringworm of the foot”
A
Tinea pedis
24
Q
External masses of spores that ensheath the hair shaft; may cause temporary hair loss.
A
Ectothrix
25
Q
Infection that is resistant to treatment. Resolve itself spontaneously.
A
Tinea unguium
26
Q
Causative agents of Tinea unguium
A
- Trichophyton rubrum
- Trichophyton mentagrophytes variety interdigitale
- Epidermophyton floccosum
27
Anular lesion of ringworm with a clearing scaly center surrounded by a red andvancing border that is dry, versicular on glabrous skin.
Tinea corporis
28
Dry, itchy lesions that often start on scrotum and spread into the groin area of the males.
Tinea cruris
29
Characterized by dry, scaly lesions that may include one or both hands, single finger or two or more fingers.
Tinea manus
30
Begins with hyphal infection of the skin of the scalp with subsequent spread down the keratinized wall of the hair follicle
Tinea capitis
31
What will you observe in a culture. Give three.
1. Colonial morphology
2. indentifying growth rate
3. Surface texture
32
Characterized by yellow, brittle, thickened and crumby nails.
Tinea unguium
33
Specimen of choice for the diagnosis of Tinea capitis.
Plucked hair
34
What will you observe under the direct microscopic examination for skin and nails specimen?
Observe for:
1. Branching hyphae or
2. Chains of ARTHROCONIDIA
35
Incubation period before reporting for no growth.
1-3 weeks
36
Hair shaft filled with masses of large arthroconidia in chains; may cause permanent hair loss.
Endothrix
37
Culture used for mycoses fingi.
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar + Chloramphenicol + Cycloheximade
38
Treatment for Tinea corposis and Tinia cruris. Give two.
1. Itraconazole
| 2. Terbinafine
39
Sources of Trichophyton mentagrophytes variety mentagrophytes.
Animals
1. Horse
2. Cattle
3. Rodents
40
Sources of Microsporum canis
Animals
1. Dog
2. Cat
41
Source of Microsporum gypseum.
Soil
42
Cutaneous infection caused by Microsporum gypseum.
1. Tinea capitis
| 2. Tinea corporis
43
It is characterized as slow growing organism.
Trichophyton rubrum
44
Microconidia with teardrop shape
Trichophyton rubrum
45
Prevention for acquiring dermatophytes
1. Proper hygiene
| 2. Avoid contacts with infected animals
46
Surface of the media:
White, irregular, fluffy appearance
Reverse side of the media:
Dark red to brown
Trichophyton rubrum
47
Surface of the media:
White, woolly appearance
Reverse side of the media:
Yellow to brown
Trichophyton mentagrophytes variety interdigitale
48
Microscopic appearance:
| Few microconidia with spherical shape and hyphae arrangement in spiral
Trichophyton mentagrophytes variety interdigitale
49
Surface of the media:
Cream and granular appearance
Reverse side of the media:
Brown in color
Trichophyton mentagrophytes variety mentagrophytes
50
Surface of the media:
Yellow to brown, waxy and folded ( cup shaped crusts or scutulae)
Reverse side of the media:
Colorless to yellow
Trichophyton schoenleinii
51
Inflamed with red lumpy areas pustules and crusting around the hair.
Tinea barbae
52
Antler-like hyphae under the microscope
Trichophyton schoeleinii
53
"black dot" ringworm appearance
Trichophyton tonsurans
54
Causative agent for the variety of lesions on beard, neck, wrist, back of hand in cattle and humans mostly farmers; deep pustular and inflammatory with pressure, short stubs of hair.
Trichophyton verrucosum
55
Under microscope:
| Numerous microconidia with flat bases, aged microconidia becomes phleomorphic (balloons forms)
Trichophyton tonsurans
56
Under microscope:
| Chlamydoconidia in chains and antler hyphae, sometimes macroconidia appears "rat tail"-like.
Trichophyton verrucosum
57
Under microscope:
| Comb-like with terminal chlamydospores
Microsporum audouinii
58
Under microscope:
| Presence of macroconidia with thick walled, POINTED superficial projections.
Microsporum canis
59
Under microscope:
| Presence of macroconidia with thick walled, OVAL superficial projections.
Microsporum gypseum
60
Surface of the media:
Greenish brown, suede-like, folded
Reverse: Yellow to brown
Epidemophyton floccosum
61
Open wounds permit the fungi to go inside; rare type of mycoses.
Subcutaneous mycoses
63
Only infection that is not infected by Trichophyton rubrum.
Tinea capitis
64
"Ringworm of the nail"
Tinea unguium
65
Type of dermatophilic inhabits man
Anthropophilic
66
Caused by fungi that infect deeper skin layer, muscle, connective tissue and the bone.
Subcutaneous mycoses
67
Other name for Chromomycosis.
Chromoblastomycosis
68
Scaly wart-like lesions (cauliflower-like) on foot or leg; dematiaceous type of fungal infection.
Chromoblastomycosis ( Verrucous dermatitidis )
69
3 General infection of Subcutaneous mycoses.
1. Chromoblastomycosis
2. Mycetoma
3. Phaeohyphomycosis
70
Give the three types of sporulation.
1. Cladosporum
2. Acrotheca
3. Phialophora
71
Elliptical conidia in chains, some shield-shaped due to scars type of sporulation
Cladosporum
72
Conidia born singly at end and side of conidiospores type of sporulation.
Acrotheca
73
Clusters of conidia from flask-shaped phialide type of sporulation.
Phialophora
74
Three causative agents of sporulation.
1. Fonsecaea pedrosoi
2. Cladosporium carionii
3. Phialophora verrucosa
75
Fungi that exhibit three types of sporulation in one specimen.
Fonsecaea pedrosoi
76
Conidia only exhibit cladosporum.
Cladosporium carionii
77
Conidia only produce phialophora.
Phialophora verrucosa
78
Granulomatous tumor of subcutaneous tissue from tropical countries.
Mycetoma
79
Two groups of organism that causes mycetoma
1. Eumycotic
| 2. Actinimycotic
80
Characterized as true fungi for mycetoma
Eumycotic
81
Fungus-like bacteria that contain SULFUR GRANULES and come into various colors surrounded with PMN when seen under the microscope. Give the two.
1. Actinomycetes
| 2. Nocardia
82
Bacteria that can't be stained by fungal stain, delicate, deeply stained branching filaments after gram staining.
Actinomycetes
83
Acid fast bacilli filaments with granules
Nocardia
84
Give the two eumycotic fungi.
1. Scedosporium apiospermum
| 2. Pseudallescheria boydii
85
More common eumycotic fungi.
Pseudallescheria boydii
86
Imperfect stage: elliptical, sperm-shaped, brownish conidia produced singly or in small groups.
Scedosporium apiospermum
87
Perfect stage; Hyaline molds; cause of mycetomain theUs; from SOIL, SEWAGE
Pseudallescheria boydii
88
Rare infection of dematiaceous saprobes that invades brain, skin, lungs of immunocompromised host.
Phaeohyphomycosis
89
Isolated or recognized an infection only after surgery.
Cladosporium trichoides
90
Under microscope:
| Long, tube-like phialides bearing clusters of single celled conidia at tips.
Wangiella dermatitidis
91
Caused by fungi that infects internal organs.
Systemic mycoses
92
Routes for systemic mycoses. Give three.
1. Respiratory/ inhalation
2. Gastrointestinal
3. Direct inoculation of skin
93
Dimorphic form that is isolated from clinical sample.
Yeast form
94
Dimorphic form that is cultured and incubated.
Mold form
95
Give the causative agent for the disease:
Spelunker's disease
Darling's disease
Cave's disease
Histoplasma capsulatum
96
Give the causative agent for the disease:
Gilchrist disease
North American blastomycosis
Ohio River Valley Disease
Blastomyces dermatitidis
97
Give the causative agent for the disease:
| San Joaquin Valley Fever
Coccidioides immitis
98
South American Blastomycosis
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
99
Give the causative agent for the disease:
| Rose Gardener's disease
Sporothrix schenckii
100
Give the causative agent for the characteristic of:
| Mycelia: Lollipop form
Blastomyces dermatitidis
101
Give the causative agent for the characteristic of:
| Mycelia: Alternately staining arthroconidia
Coccidioides immitis
102
Give the causative agent for the characteristic of:
Mycelia: Lollipop form
Blastospores with multiple bands, "mariner's wheel"
Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis
103
Give the causative agent for the characteristic of:
Cigar-shaped cells
Mycelia: Delicate hyphae with ovoid alongside or in ROSETTE HEADS
Sporothrix schenckii
104
This infects localizing patients that are immunocompromised; saprobes/ saprophytic fungi.
Opportunistic mycoses
105
Candidiasis concentratedin oral cavity.
Thrush
106
Differentiate C. albicand from other Candida spp.
Germ tube test
107
Two other name for cryptococcosis.
1. European Blastomycosis
| 2. Torulosis
108
Used to differentiate C. neoformans (+) from Candida spp. (-)
Urease Test
109
True yeast (without mold form) ( no mycelial form or pseudohyphae)
Cryptococcus neoformans
110
Causes Torulosis
Cryptococcus neoformans
111
Cause meningitis through inhalation of spores.
Cryptococcus neoformans
112
Two stain used for the SCREENING OF YEAST FORM : Capsulated.
1. India ink
| 2. Nigrossin
113
Serum Test for the observation of agglutination or clumping.
Latex agglutination Test
114
Give the three special medium.
1. Birdseed agar
2. Niger seed agar
3. Staib's agar
115
Medium used for pigmentation. Give its reagent.
Staib's agar
| Reagent: Caffeine acid medium
116
Causes Fusariosis
Fusarium
117
Causative agent that gives lavander to purple colonies in culture.
Fusarium
118
Causative agent that characterized as banana-shaped microconidia under microscope.
Fusarium
119
Serological Test for Cryptococcus.
Cryptococcal Antigen Latex Agglutination System
120
How to diagnose using the right antigen for aspergillosis?
Based on colored colonies.
121
Green spores Aspergillus
Aspergillus fumigatus
122
Yellow spore Aspergillus.
Aspergillus flavus
123
Black spore producing Aspergillus.
Aspergillus niger
124
Carcinogenic toxin producer Aspergillus. Give the toxin produced.
Aspergillus flavus - Aflatoxin
125
Principle of Anti-fungal Agents.
Binds and ruptures ERGOSTEROL.
126
Side effects of Anti-fungal Agents. Give atleast three.
1. Impotence
2. Menstrual irregularity
3. elevation of liver function tests.
127
Most effective drug for systemic mycosies and opportunistic infection; Metabolite of Streptomyces
Amphoterecin B
128
This is given with Amphotericin B through IV that dissolve in dextrose solution.
SODIUM DEOXYCHOLATE
129
Fluorinated derivative of cytosine. Taken orally.
Flucytosine.
130
Poisonous substance that can cause acute or chronic intoxication and sever, fatal damage to the liver and kindey, usually produced by mushrooms.
Mycotoxin
131
Stains the chitin part of the cell wall.
Lactophenol cotton blue
132
Stains the polysaccharides. Pink to red with Blue nuclei.
Periodic Acid Schiff Stain
133
Colors the outline Black. (Silver Stain)
Gomori Methylene Stain
134
Color the hyphae DARK BLUE.
Gridley Stain
135
Stain Crytococcus neofrmans DEEP ROSE.
Mayer mucicarmine stain
136
Medium for Aspergillus spp.
Czapek's Medium
137
Medium for pigment of fungi.
Potato Dextrose Agar
138
Medium for the enhancement of Chlamydospores and Candida.
Cornmeal Tween 80 Agar
139
Selective Agar with chloramphenicol and cycloheximade.
Mycosel Agar
140
Special medium for Cryptococcus neoformans.
Staib's Agar
141
Medium for isolation of blastomyces dermatitidis (yeast form)
Cottonseed Agar
142
Medium for sperule formation. For Coccidioides immitis.
Levine's Medium
143
Medium for melanin pigmentation of Cryptococcus neoformans.
Caffeic Acid Medium
144
Most common cause of fungal pneumonia for HIV patients.
Pneumocystis jiroveci
