Myloid Bengin Flashcards
What causes neutrophillia begnin
- Infection bacteria
- Inflammatory conditions autoimmune disorders + gout
- Corticosteroids
- Metabolic disorders such as acidosis , uremia , haemorrhage
What is a left shift and what happens to neutrophils in it ?
It is the premature release of neutrophils
Neutrophils that are immature such as bands , metamyelocytes , myelocytes and proymocytes
What causes chronic neutrophillia ?
- Corticosteroids
- Chronic autoimmune disease
- Chronic inflammation
- Splenectomy
What is a leukemoid bone ?
It is an increase in wbc and sometimes confused with leaukemia so taking history and laboratory tests will differentite
What is neurtropenia and what causes it ?
Neutropenia is decrease in neutrophils
Has many causes including Race Congenital Cyclic neutropenia AA Bone marrow infiltration Megaloblastic anemia Acute infection with typhoid, tb , viral hepatitis Drugs such as phenothiazines phenytoin cytotoxic cancer drugs Irradiation Immune disorders such as HIV SLE felty syndrome Splenomegaly
What also cause neutropenia ?
Infections also cause neutropenia by impairing neutrophil production or by inducing immune destruction or rapid use of neutrophils
Sepsis is particularly a serious cause.
Autoimmune neutrophils involve antibodies directed against neutrophils or their precursor cells . Most patients with autoimmune neutropenia have an underlying autoimmune disorder or lymphoproliferative disorder eg. SLE Feltys
What are the functions of lymphocytes ?
Bcells secrete antibodies
Tc cytotoxic osmotic lysis cell mediated response
The helper both b and tc lymphcyte it activate them
Suppressor reduce the intensity of the immube response
What is a bengin ( nonmalignant ) causes of lymphocytosis ?
Viral infections
CMV
Infectious monoucleousis
Rubella hepatitis adeno chicken pox
Bacterial infections
Pertusis
Healing TB
Typhoid fever
Protozo
Toxoplasmosis
Allergic drug reactions
Note what ?
Lymphocytosis occurs most frequently during viral infections and only rarely in bacterial infections except pertusis
Pertusis or whooping cough is frequently accompained by a lymphocytosis
Lymphocytosis also can occur with chronic infections such as tb and brucella
What characterizes infectious mononucleolus ?
Fever
Sore throat
Lymphadenopathy often cervical
Splenomegaly
It is caused by EBV infection of blymphocytes
During second week of illness, proliferation of activated cytotoxic / suppressor t cell occurs
It is these cD8 positive t cytotoxic seen in perpheral blood called atypical lymphocytes they are large and reactive with abundant basophillic cytoplasm .
Some may appear almost blast like these changes are not uniques to im but can be seen in other viral infections
Toxiplasmosis
Fever
Lymphocytes
Lymphoadenopathy
What causes benign non malaignat causes of monocytosis
Infections
Chronic infections ( TB , typhoid , infective endocarditis )
Recovery from acute infectio
Inflammatory disorders Ulcerative colitis Sarcoidosis Crohns disease May also result from viral fungal rickettsial protozal infections
Esonohillia
Allergies asthma seaonal eczema atopic Loefefe Tape wormm Tropical esonophillia Big list read
What causes basophillia ?
Allergic reactions Viral infections vercella / chronic rinitis ( inflammatory bowel disease ) Chronic airway inflammation Chronic dermaties
