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Myology Flashcards

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1
Q

Adductor brevis

A

Category: medial thigh
Origin: Inferior ramus of the pubic bone
Insertion: upper third of the medial lip of the linea aspera on the posterior surface
Function: hip adduction, minor flexion
Innervation: obturator nerve

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2
Q

Adductor longus

A

Category: medial thigh
Origin: anterior surface of pubis
Insertion: lower two-third of the linea aspera on the posterior surface
Function: hip adduction, minor flexion
Innervation: obturator nerve

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3
Q

Adductor magnus

A

Category: medial thigh
Origin: anterior and inferior surface of ischial of pubis tuberosity (hamstring component)
Insertion: Lower third of the linea aspera on the posterior surface also adductor tubercle
Function: hip adduction (++), minor flexion and extension
Innervation: obturator nerve, sciatic nerve

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4
Q

Gracilis

A

Category: medial thigh
Origin: ischiopubic ramus
Insertion: medial border of tibia (pes anserinus)
Function: hip flexion, adduction, internal rotation; knee flexion
Innervation: obturator nerve

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5
Q

Sartorius

A

Category: anterior thigh muscle
Origin: ASIS
Insertion: pes anserinus tendon (medial border of the tibia)
Function: hip abduction, flexion, internal rotation; knee flexion; tibial internal rotation
Innervation: femoral nerve

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6
Q

Tensor Fasciae latae

A

Category: anterior thigh
Origin: ASIS
Insertion: illiotibial band, Gerdy’s tubercle
Function: hip flexion, internal rotation, abduction
Innervation: femoral nerve

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7
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Category: anterior thigh muscle
Origin: AIIS
Insertion: anterior tibial tuberosity (quadriceps tendon)
Function: small hip flexion; knee extension (++)
Innervation: femoral nerve

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8
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

Category: anterior thigh muscle
Origin: anterolateral surface of femoral shaft
Insertion: anterior tibial tuberosity (quadriceps tendon)
Function: knee extension
Innervation: femoral nerve

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9
Q

Vastus medialis

A

Category: anterior thigh muscle
Origin: medial lip of linea aspera and medial supracondylar ridge of femur
Insertion: medial retinaculum patellae, medial border of the quadriceps’ tendon and patella, anterior tibial tuberosity
Function: knee extension; medial patella glide
Innervation: femoral nerve

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10
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Category: anterior thigh
Origin: lateral lip of the linea aspera, inferior portion of the greater trochanter and intertrochanteric line
Insertion: lateral retinaculum patellae, lateral border of quadriceps tendon and patella, anterior tibial tuberosity
Function: knee extension, lateral petalla glide
Innervation: femoral nerve

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11
Q

Biceps femoris long head

A

Category: posterior thigh muscle/ hamstrings
Origin: ischial tuberosity and lower part of sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: head of fibula
Function: hip extension; knee flexion, internal rotation
Innervation: tibial branch of the sciatic nerve

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12
Q

Biceps femoris short head

A

Category: posterior thigh muscle/ hamstrings
Origin: lateral lip of linea aspera
Insertion: head of fibula
Function: hip extension; knee flexion, external rotation
Innervation: fibular branch of the sciatic nerve

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13
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Category: posterior thigh muscle, hamstrings
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: pes anserinus tendon (medial border of the tibia)
Function: hip extension; knee flexion and internal rotation
Innervation: tibial branch of the sciatic nerve

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14
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Category: posterior thigh muscle, hamstrings
Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial tibial condyle
Function: hip extension, adduction; knee flexion, internal rotation
Innervation: tibial branch of sciatic nerve

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15
Q

Iliacus

A

Category: anterior hip muscle
Origin: iliac fossa
Insertion: lesser trochanter
Function: hip flexion, external rotation
Innervation: femoral nerve

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16
Q

Psoas major

A

Category: anterior hip muscle
Origin: vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs T12 to L5
Insertion: lesser trochanter
Function: hip flexion, external rotation; lumbar extension; pelvic anterior tilt
Innervation: anterior rami of lumbar plexus (L1-L3)

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17
Q

Pectineus

A

Category: anterior hip muscle
Origin: pectineal line of pubic
Insertion: pectineal line of femur
Function: hip adduction, flexion
Innervation: femoral and obturator nerves

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18
Q

Gluteus Maximus upper fibers

A

Category: Posterior hip muscle
Origin: posterior surface of illium, sacrum, thoracolumbar fascia, sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: tractus illiotibial on Gerdy’s tubercle
Function: Hip extension, external rotation, abduction
Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve

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19
Q

Gluteus Maximus Lower fibers

A

Category: posterior thigh muscle
Origin: posterior surface of illium, sacrum, thoracolumbar fascia, sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur
Function: hip extension, external rotation, adduction
Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve

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20
Q

Gluteus medius anterior fibers

A

Category: posterior thigh muscle
Origin: superior 1/3rd of poster surface of illium
Insertion: greater trochanter
Function: hip flexion, internal rotation
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

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21
Q

Gluteus medius posterior fibers

A

Category: posterior thigh muscle
Origin: superior 1/3rd of posterior ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter
Function: hip extension, external rotation
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

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22
Q

Gluteus minimus anterior fibers

A

Category: posterior thigh muscle
Origin: Between anterior and inferior gluteal line of the ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter
Function: hip abduction, flexion, internal rotation
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

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23
Q

Piriformis

A

Category: posterior hip muscle
Origin: sacrum
Insertion: greater trochanter
Function: hip abduction, external rotation
Innervation: branches of the plexus sacralis

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24
Q

Superior gemellus

A

Category: posterior hip muscle
Origin: spine of the ischium
Insertion: obturator internus tendon
Function: hip abduction, external rotation
Innervation: lumbrosacral plexus (L5-S2)

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25
Inferior gemellus
Category: posterior hip muscle Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: obturator internus tendon Function: hip abduction, external rotation Innervation: lumbosacral plexus L4, S1
26
Quadratus femoris
Category: posterior hip muscle Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: intertrochanteric crest Function: hip adduction, external rotation Innervation: Lumbosacral plexus L4, S1
27
Tibialis anterior
Category: anterior leg Origin: upper third of lateral tibial surface, interosseous membrane Insertion: medial cuneiform, first metatarsal Function: ankle dorsiflexion; foot inversion Innervation: fibular nerve
28
Extensor digitorum longus
Category: anterior leg Origin: lateral tibial, fibula capsule, interosseous membrane Insertion: middle and distal phalanges of toes II to V Function: ankle dorsiflexion; foot eversion; interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joint II-V extension Innervation: fibular nerve
29
Extensor hallucis longus
Category: anterior leg Origin: anterior face of the fibula, interosseous membrane Insertion: distal phalanx of hallux Function: ankle dorsiflexion; foot inversion; IP and MTP joint I extension Innervation: fibular nerve
30
Fibularis longus
Category: lateral leg Origin: head and lateral 2/3 of the fibula Insertion: base of metatarsal I and medial cuneiform Function: ankle plantar flexion; foot eversion Innervation: superficial fibular nerve
31
Fibularis brevis
Category: lateral leg Origin: distal half to lateral fibula Insertion: base of metatarsal V Function: ankle plantar flexion; foot eversion Innervation: superficial fibular nerve
32
Lateral Gastrocnemius
Category: superficial posterior leg Origin: lateral femoral condyle (non-articulating) Insertion: calcaneal tuberosity via Achilles’ tendon Function: knee flexion; ankle plantar flexion Innervation: tibial nerve
33
Medial gastrocnemius
Category: superficial posterior leg Origin: medial femoral condyle (non-articulating) Insertion: calcaneal tuberosity via the Achilles’ tendon Function: knee flexion; ankle plantarflexion Innervation: tibial nerve
34
Soleus
Category: superficial posterior leg Origin: posterior surface of the head of fibula, soleal line on tibia Insertion: Achilles’ tendon Function: ankle plantar flexion Innervation: tibial nerve
35
Plantaris
Category: superficial posterior leg Origin: lateral supracondylar ridge, knee joint capsule Insertion: Achilles’ tendon Function: very weak plantarflexion Innervation: tibial nerve
36
Tibialis posterior
Category: deep posterior leg Origin: interosseous membrane, borders of tibia and fibula Insertion: mainly navicular, also medial cuneiform Function: ankle plantar flexion, foot inversion, support of longitudinal and and transverse arches of the foot Innervation: tibial nerve
37
Flexor digitorum longus
Category: deep posterior leg Origin: middle 1/3 of the posterior tibia Insertion: base of the distal phalanges II-V Function: ankle plantar flexion; foot inversion; flexion of MTP and both IP; support of longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot Innervation: tibial nerve
38
Flexor hallucis longus
Category: deep posterior leg Origin: distal 2/3 of posterior fibula, interosseous membrane Insertion: base of the distal phalanx I Function: ankle plantar flexion; foot inversion; hallux MTP and IP flexion; support longitudinal arch of foot Innervation: tibial nerve
39
Popliteus
Category: deep posterior leg Origin: lateral femoral condyle, posterior horn of lateral meniscus Insertion: posterior surface of tibia proximal to soeal line l Function: external rotation of the femur on the tibia in the extending knee in standing position (unlocks knee) Innervation: tibial nerve
40
Upper trapezius
Muscle of the shoulder girdle Origin : occipital bone, superior nuchal line and external protuberance, nucal ligament, spinous process C7 Insertion : lateral third of clavicle Function : elevation of scapula, ipsilateral inclination of the head, extension of the head (bilateral) Innervation : accessory nerve (cervical plexus)
41
Trapezius intermedius
Muscle of the shoulder girdle Origin: spinous processes T1-T4 Insertion: acromion Function: retraction of the scapula Innervation: accessory nerve (cervical plexus)
42
Lower trapezius
Muscle of the shoulder girdle Origin: spinous processes T5-T12 Insertion: spine of scapula Function: scapular retraction, depression and upward rotation Innervation: accessory nerve (cervical plexus)
43
Rhomboid major
Muscle of the shoulder girdle Origin: spinous process T2-T5 Insertion: medial margin of scapula Function: scapular retraction, elevation, downward rotation Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve
44
Rhomboid minor
Muscle of the shoulder girdle Origin: spinous processes C7-T1 Insertion: medial margin of scapula Function: scapular retraction, elevation, downward rotation Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
45
Levatore scapulae
Muscle of the shoulder girdle Origin: transverse processes C1-C4 Insertion: superior angle of the scapula Function: proximal insertion fixed = scapula elevation and downward rotation ; distal insertion fixed = cervical spine ipsilateral inclination and extension Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (cervical plexus)
46
Serratus anterior
Muscle of the shoulder girdle Origin: 1st to 9th rib Insertion: medial margin of the scapula Function: protraction and upward rotation of the scapula Innervation: Long thoracic nerve
47
Subclavius
Muscle of the shoulder girdle Origin: 1st rib Insertion: lateral third of the inferior face of the scapula Action: depression of the scapula ; coaptation of sternoclavicular joint Innervation: subclavius nerve
48
Pectoralis minor
Muscle of the shoulder girdle/ accessory respiratory muscle Origin: 3rd-5th ribs Insertion: coracoid process Function: distal insertion fixed = scapular depression, protraction and downward rotation ; proximal insertion fixed = elevation of ribs => accessory respiratory muscle Innervation : medial pectoral nerve
49
Supraspinatus
Muscle of the glenohumeral joint / muscle of the rotator cuff Origin: supraspinous fossa of the scapula Insertion : major tubercle of the humerus Function : shoulder abduction, synergist of external rotators Innervation : suprascapular nerve
50
Infraspinatus
Muscle of the glenohumeral joint / muscle of the rotator cuff Origin : infraspinous fossa Insertion : major tubercle of the humerus Function : shoulder external rotation Innervation : suprascapular nerve
51
Teres minor
Muscle of the glenohumeral joint / rotator cuff muscle Origin : 2/3 sup of lateral margin of scapula Insertion : major tubercle of the humerus Function : shoulder external rotation and adduction Innervation : axillary nerve
52
Subscapularis
Muscle of the glenohumeral joint / rotator cuff muscle Origin : sbscapular fossa Insertion : minor tubercle of the humerus Function : shoulder internal rotation Innervation : subscapular nerve
53
Teres major
Muscle of the glenohumeral joint Origin : inferior angle of the scapula Insertion : medial side of the becipital groove Function : shoulder adduction, extension, internal rotation Innervation : subscapular nerve
54
Deltoid - clavicular/ anterior fibers
Muscle of the glenohumeral joint Origin : lateral third of clavicle Insertion : deltoid tuberosity (humerus) Function : shoulder flexion, abduction, internal rotation, horizontal adduction Innervation : axillary nerve
55
Deltoid acromial / middle fibers
Muscle of the glenohumeral joint Origin : acromion Insertion : deltoid tuberosity Function : shoulder abduction Innervation : axillary nerve
56
Deltoid spinal / posterior fibers
Muscle of the glenohumeral joint Origin : spine of the scapula Insertion : deltoid tuberosity Function : shoulder extension, external rotation, horizontal abduction Innervation : axillary nerve
57
Latissimus dorsi
Muscle of the glenohumeral joint Origin : spinous processes T5-S1 (via thoracolumbar fascia), illiac crest, 9th-12th ribs, inferior angle of the scapula Insertion : medial side of the bicipital groove Function : shoulder extension, adduction, internal rotation Innervation : thoracodorsal nerve
58
Coractobrachialis
Muscle of the glenohumeral joint Origin : coracoid process Insertion : middle third of the medial margin of the humerus Function : shoulder flexion, adduction Innervation : musculocutaneous nerve
59
Pectoralis major
Muscle of the glenohumeral joint Origin : clavicular fibers = medial half of the clavicle ; sternocostal fibers = sternum, 2nd- 6th costal cartilage Insertion : lateral margin of the bicipital groove Function : shoulder adduction, horizontal adduction, internal rotation (entire muscle), flexion (clavicular fibers) Innervation : medial and lateral pectoral nerve
60
Biceps brachii
Muscle of the arm Origin : Long head = supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula; Short head = coracoid process Insertion : radial tuberosity, bicipital aponeurosis Function : elbow flexion; forearm supination ; long head = shoulder abduction an flexion Innervation : musculocutaneous nerve
61
Brachialis
Muscle of the arm Origin: anterior surface of the humerus; inter muscular septum Insertion : ulnar tuberosity, coronoid process Function : elbow flexion Innervation : musculocutaneous nerve
62
Triceps brachii long head
Muscle of the arm Origin : infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula Insertion : olecranon Function : elbow extension, shoulder extension Innervation : radial nerve
63
Triceps brachii medial head
Muscle of the arm Origin : posterior surface of humerus, medial intramuscular septum Insertion : olecranon Function : elbow extension Innervation : radial nerve
64
Triceps brachii lateral head
Muscle of the arm Origin : posterior surface of the humerus, lateral inter muscular septum Insertion : olecranon Function : elbow extension Innervation : radial nerve
65
Anconeus
Muscle of the arm Origin : lateral epicondyle of the humerus Insertion : olecranon Function : elbow extension Innervation: radial nerve
66
Pronator teres humeral head
Muscle of the arm Origin : medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon) Insertion : lateral surface of the radius Function : elbow weak flexion, forearm pronation Innervation : median nerve
67
Pronator teres ulnar head
Muscle of the arm Origin : coronoid process of ulna Insertion : lateral surface of the radius Function : elbow weak flexion, forearm pronation Innervation : median nerve
68
Flexor digitorum superficialis humeroulnar head
Muscle of the arm Origin : medial apicondyle of the humerus, common flexor tendon Insertion : middle phalange II to V Function : wrist flexion, MCP and PIP II-V flexion Innervation : median nerve
69
Flexor digitorum superficialis radial head
Muscle of the arm Origin: radial tuberosity Insertion : middle phalanges II-V Function: wrist flexion, phalange II-V flexion Innervation : median nerve
70
Flexor digitorum profondus
Muscle of the arm Origin : interosseous membrane, proximal 3/4 of the anterior surface of the ulna Insertion : palmar surface of the II-V distal phalanges Function : wrist, MCP, PIP, DIP flexion Innervation : median and ulnar nerves
71
Flexor carpi radialis
Muscle of the arm Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon ) Insertion : base of the metacarpal II Function : elbow flexion, forearm pronation, wrist flexion and abduction Innervation : median nerve
72
Flexor carpi ulnaris humeral head
Muscle of the arm Origin : medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon) Insertion : hook of the hamate, base of metacarpal V, pisiformis Function: wrist flexion and adduction, elbow flexion Innervation : ulnar nerve
73
Flexor carpi ulnaris ulnar head
Muscle of the arm Origin: olecranon, proximal 2/3 of the of posterior surface of ulna Insertion : hook of hamate, base of metacarpal V, pisiformis Function: wrist flexion and adduction, elbow flexion Innervation : ulnar nerve
74
Palmaris longus
Muscle of the arm Origin : medial epicondyle of humerus Insertion : palmar aponeurosis Function : wrist flexion by tightening the aponeurosis Innervation : median nerve
75
Brachioradialis
Muscle of the arm Origin : lateral surface of the distal humerus, inter muscular septum Insertion : styloïde process of the radius Function : elbow flexion, forearm pronation/ supination Innervation: radial nerve
76
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Muscle of the arm Origin : lateral supracondylar crest Insertion : dorsal surface of metacarpal II Function : wrist extension and abduction, elbow flexion Innervation : radial nerve
77
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Muscle of the arm Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion : dorsal surface of metacarpal III Function : wrist extension and abduction, elbow flexion Innervation : radial nerve
78
Extensor digitorum
Muscle of the arm Origin :
79
Extensor digitorum
Muscle of the arm Origin : lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion : medial and distal phalanges II-V via dorsal aponeurosis Function : wrist extension, MCP, PIP, DIP extension and abduction Innervation : radial nerve
80
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Muscle of the arm Origin : common head = lateral epicondyle of the humerus ; ulnar head = posterior surface of ulna Insertion : base metacarpal V Function : wrist extension, adduction; elbow extension Innervation : radial nerve
81
Supinator
Muscle of the arm Origin : supinator crest, lateral epicondyle of the humerus Insertion : proximal third of radius Function : radioulnar joint supination Innervation : radial nerve
82
Pronator quadratus
Muscle of the arm Origin : distal 1/4 of anterior surface of the ulna Insertion : distal 1/4 of anterior surface of radius Function: redioulnar joint pronation Innervation: median nerve
83
Flexor policis longus
Extrinsic muscle of the thumb Origin: interosseous membrane, anterior surface of the radius Insertion: palmar surface of distal phalanx I Function : wrist flexion and abduction MCP and IP I flexion; carpometacarpal I opposition Innervation: median nerve
84
Abductor pollicis longus
Extrinsic muscle of the thumb Origin: dorsal surface of radius and ulna, interosseous membrane Insertion : base metacarpal I Function: wrist flexion and abduction; carpometacarpal I abduction Innervation: radial nerve
85
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extrinsic muscle of the thumb Origin: dorsal surface of radius, interosseous membrane Insertion: base phalanx proximal I Function: wrist extension, abduction ; carpometacarpal and MCP I extension Innervation : radial nerve
86
Extensor pollicis longus
Extrinsic muscle of the thumb Origin : dorsal surface of ulna, interosseous membrane Insertion : base phalanx distal I Function: carpometacarpal I adduction ; MCP and IP I extension ; wrist extension, abduction Innervation: radial nerve
87
Extensor digiti minimi
Extrinsic muscle of fingers Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus Insertion: medial and distal phalanges V via dorsal aponeurosis Function: wrist extension, ulnar deviation ; MCP, PIP, DIP V extension, abduction Innervation: radial nerve
88
Extensor indicis
Extrinsic muscles of the fingers Origin: dorsal surface of ulna, interosseous membrane Insertion: dorsal aponeurosis II Function: II extension adduction ; wrist extension, abduction Innervation: radial nerve
89
Rectus capitis anterior
Occipital region Origin: lateral masses C1 Insertion: basilar part of occipital bone Function: bilateral = flexion of the atlantooccipital articulation ; unilateral = lateroflexion of atlantooccipital articulation Innervation : ramus ventral C1
90
Rectus capitis posterior major
Occipital region Origin: spinous process C2 Insertion: inferior nuchal line Function: bilateral = extension of the head ; unilateral = extension with ipsilateral rotation of the head Innervation : suboccipital nerve
91
Rectus capitis posterior major
Occipital region Origin: spinous process C2 Insertion: inferior nuchal line Function: bilateral = extension of the head ; unilateral = extension with ipsilateral rotation of the head Innervation: suboccipital nerve
92
Rectus capitis posterior minor
Occipital region Origin: posterior tubercle C1 Insertion: inferior nuchal line Function: extension of the head Innervation : suboccipitalis nerve
93
Rectus capitis lateralis
Occipital region Origin : transverse process C1 Insertion: basilar part of occipital bone Function: bilateral = flexion of atlantooccipital joint ; unilateral = lateroflexion of atlantooccipital joint Innervation: ramus ventral C1
94
Obliquus capitis superior
Occipital region Origin: transverse process of C1 Insertion: inferior nuchal line Function: bilateral = extension of the head ; unilateral = ipsilateral inclination, controlateral rotation of the head Innervation: suboccipital nerve
95
Obliquus capitis inferior
Occipital region Origin: spinous process C2 Insertion: transverse process C1 Function: ipsilateral rotation of the head, secondary extension Innervation: suboccipital nerve, major occipital nerves
96
Temporalis
Muscle for mastication Origin: temporal fossa Insertion: tendon into the apex and deep surface of the coronoid process and anterior ramus of the mandible Function: posterior fibers = retraction of the mandible ; anterior fibers = elevation of the mandible Innervation : trigeminal nerve (5th cranial nerve)
97
Masseter
Mastication muscle Origin: zygomatic process of the maxilla and anterior 2/3 of zygomatic arch Insertion: coronoid process of the mandible Action: protraction of the mandible, elevation of the mandible Innervation: trigaminal nerve (5th cranial nerve)
98
Playsma
Anterior cervical region Origin: flat sheet of muscle lying in the superficial facia over the front of the neck from the lower border of the mandible Insertion: crosses the clavicle and joins the pectoralis Function: depresses the mandible and opens the mouth Innervation: facial nerve (7th cranial nerve)
99
Longus Collis pars recta
Anterior cervical region Origin: anterior sides of the vertebral bodies T1-T3 Insertion: anterior tubercle of vertebral bodies C4-C6 Function: bilateral = flexion of the cervical spine ; unilateral = ipsilateral inclination and flexion of the cervical spine Innervation: C1-C4
100
Long collis pars obliqua superior
Anterior cervical region, paravertebral muscle Origin: anterior tubercle of transverse process C3-C6 Insertion: anterior tubercle of atlas Function: bilateral = flexion of cervical spine ; unilateral = ipsilateral inclination and flexion of the cervical spine Innervation: C1-C4
101
Longus colli pars obliqua inferior
Anterior cervical region, paravertebral muscle Origin: anterior sides of vertebral bodies T1-T3 Insertion: anterior tubercle of transverse processes C5-C6 Function: bilateral = flexion of the cervical spine ; unilateral = ipsilateral inclination and rotation of the cervical spine Innervation: C2-C6
102
Longus capitis
Anterior cervical region, paravertebral muscle Origin: anterior tubercle of transverse process C3-C6 Insertion: basilar part of occipital bone Fonction: bilateral = flexion of the head ; unilateral = slight ipsilateral inclination Innervation : C3-C4
103
Scalenus anterior
Lateral cervical muscle Origin: transverse process C3-C6 Insertion: first rib Function: raises upper ribs ; unilateral = ipsilateral lateroflexion ; bilateral = flexion of cervical spine Innervation: anterior branches of spinal nerves C3-C8
104
Scalenus medius
Lateral cervical muscle Origin: transverse process of C3-C7 Insertion: first rib Function: raises upper ribs ; unilateral = ipsilateral lateroflexion ; bilateral = flexion of cervical spine Innervation: anterior branches of spinal nerves C3-C8
105
Scalenus posterior
Lateral cervical muscle Origin: transverse process of C5-C7 Insertion: 2nd rib Function: raises upper ribs ; bilateral = flexion of cervical spine ; unilateral = ipsilateral lateroflexion Innervation: anterior branches of cervical nerves C3-C8
106
Sternocleidomastoid sternal head
Lateral cervical muscle Origin: anterior surface of manubrium Insertion: mastoid process and the lateral part of the superior nuchal line Function: ipsilateral side bending, contralateral rotation Innervation: spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
107
Sternocleidomastoid clavicular head
Lateral cervical muscle Origine: medial third of clavicle Insertion: mastoid process and the lateral part of the superior nuchal line Function: ipsilateral side bending, contralateral rotation Innervation: spinal accessory nerve CN XI
108
Iliocostalis lumborum
Intrinsic muscle of the back Origin: sacrum, illiac crest, thoracolumbar fascia Insertion: 6th-12th ribs, deep layer of fascia Function: bilateral = spine extension ; unilateral = ipsilateral lateroflexion Innervation: posterior branches of spinal nerves
109
Iliocostalis thoracis
Intrinsic muscle of the back Origin: 7th-12th ribs Insertion: 1st-6th ribs Function: bilateral = spine extension ; unilateral = ipsilateral lateroflexion Innervation : posterior branches of spinal nerves
110
Iliocostalis cervicis
Intrinsic muscle of the back Origin: 3rd-7th ribs Insertion: transverse processes C4-C6 Function: bilateral = spine extension ; unilateral = ipsilateral lateroflexion Innervation : posterior branches of spinal nerves
111
Longissimus thoracis
Intrinsic back muscle Origin: sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes L1-L5, transverse processes T7-T12 Insertion: 2nd-12th ribs, costal is L1-L5, transverse process T1-T12 Function: bilateral = extension of the spine, unilateral = lateroflexion of the spine Innervation: posterior branches of the spinal nerves
112
Longissimus cervicis
Intrinsic back muscle Origin: transverse processes T1-T6 Insertion: transverse processes C2-C5 Function: bilateral = spine extension; unilateral = ipsilateral spine lateroflexion Innervation: posterior branches of spinal nerves
113
Longissimus capitis
Intrinsic back muscle Origin: transverse processes T1-T3, transverse processes and facets C4-C7 Insertion: process mostoideus Function: bilateral = extension of the head ; unilateral = ipsilateral flexion, rotation of the head Innervation: posterior branches of the spinal nerves
114
Splenius cervicis
Intrinsic back muscle Origin: spinous processes T3-T6 Insertion: transverse processes C1-C2 Function: bilateral = extension of the cervical spine and head ; unilateral = ipsilateral flexion and rotation of the head Innervation: posterior branches of spinal nerves
115
Splenius capitis
Intrinsic back muscle Origin: spinous processes C3-T3 Insertion: mastoid process, superior nuchal line Function: bilateral = extension of the cervical spine and head; unilateral = ipsilateral flexion and rotation of the head Innervation : posterior branches of the spinal nerves
116
Spinalis cervisic
Intrinsic back muscle Origin: spinous processes C5-T2 Insertion: spinous processes C5-C2 Function: bilateral = extension of the cervical spine ; unilateral = ipsilateral lateroflexion of the cervical spine Innervation: posterior branches of the spinal nerves
117
Spinalis thoracis
Intrinsic back muscle Origin: spinous processes T10-L3 Insertion: spinous processes T2-T8 Function: bilateral = extension of the thoracic spine ; unilateral = ipsilateral lateroflexion of thoracic spine Innervation: posterior branches of spinal nerves
118
Rotatores breves
Intrinsic back muscle Origin and insertion : from transverse processes T1-T12 to spinous process of the next of the next higher vertebrae Function: bilateral = extension of the thoracic spine ; unilateral = controlateral rotation of the thoracic spine Innervation: posterior branches of the spinal nerves
119
Rotatores longi
Intrinsic back muscle Origin and insertion: from transverse processes T1-T12 to spinous processes of two levels higher Function: bilateral = extension of the thoracic spine ; unilateral = controlateral rotation of the thoracic spine Innervation: posterior branches of the spinal nerves
120
Multifidus
Intrinsic back muscle Origin: sacrum, ilium, processus mamillaires L1-L5, transverse and articular processes C4-C7 and T1-T4 Insertion: spinous processes two to four levels higher Function: bilateral = extension of the spine ; unilateral = ipsilateral lateroflexion and controlateral rotation of the spine Innervation: posterior branches of the spinal nerves
121
Semi Spinalis thoracis
Intrinsic back muscle Origin: transverse processes T6-T12 Insertion : spinous processes C6-T4 Function: bilateral = extension of the thoracic spine ; unilateral = ipsilateral lateroflexion and controlateral rotation of the thoracic spine Innervation: posterior branches of the spinal nerves
122
Semi Spinalis cervicis
Intrinsic back muscle Origin: transverse processes T1-T6 Insertion: spinous processes C2-C5 Function: bilateral = extension of the cervical spine ; unilateral = ipsilateral lateroflexion and controlateral rotation of the cervical spine Innervation: posterior branches of the spinal nerves
123
Semi Spinalis capitis
Intrinsic back muscle Origin: transverse process C3-T6 Insertion: occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal line Function: bilateral = extension of the head ; unilateral = ipsilateral lateroflexion and controlateral rotation of the head Innervation: posterior branches of the spinal nerves
124
Serratus posterior superior
Spinocostal muscle (quadrangular form) Origin: nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7-T3 Insertion: superior border of the 2nd-5th ribs Function: lift ribs —> active in inspiration Innervation: intercostal nerve
125
Serratus posterior inferior
Spinocostal muscle Origin: spinous process T11-L2 and thoracolumbar fascia Insertion: inferior border of 9th-11th ribs Function: moves lower ribs, active in expiration, prevent narrowing the thoracic aperture Innervation: anterior branches of the spinal nerves
126
Intercostales externi
Muscle of the thoracic cage (ventrocodal direction) Origin and insertion: costal tubercle to chondro-osseous junction; arise at the lower margin of a rib and insert on the upper margin of the next lower rib Function: raises ribs in inspiration Innervation: intercostal nerves 1-11
127
Intercostales interni
Muscle of the thoracic cage (dorsocaudal direction) Origin and insertion : costal angle to sternum ; arises at the lower margin of a rib and insert on the upper margin of the next lower rib Function: moves lower ribs during expiration Innervation : costa nerves 1-11
128
Transversus thoracis
Muscle of the thoracic cage Origin: inner surface of the sternum and xiphoïde process Insertion: inner surface of the cartilage costalis of the 2nd-6th ribs Function: lowers ribs in expiration Innervation: intercostal nerves T2-T7
129
Subcostales
Muscle of the thoracic cage (ventrocaudal direction) Origin and insertion: inner surface of the ribs inserts and the lower margin of the next upper rib Function: moves lower ribs in expiration Innervation: rami ventral intercostal nerve 1-11
130
Rectus abdominis

Myology (1 decks)

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