Myology

Question 1

Myology

Answer 1

Study of the structure, function, and disease of muscles

Question 2

Cells of muscle tissue are ____ and are called ____?

Answer 2

Are thread like and are called muscle fibres

Question 3

3 kinds of muscular tissue:

Answer 3

Skeletal muscle tissue
Visceral muscle tissue
Cardiac muscle tissue

Question 4

Skeletal muscle tissue:

Answer 4

(Striated or striated voluntary)
Description: composed muscles attached to bones, many nuclei per cell
Nervous system control: Somatic, Voluntary

Question 5

Visceral muscle tissue:

Answer 5

(Non-striated involuntary) or smooth

Description: found in the walls of viscera

Question 6

Cardiac muscle tissue:

Answer 6

-striated involuntary

Description: Makes up wall of heart

Question 7

Muscles make up approximately _____ body weight.

Answer 7

40-50%

Question 8

How are skeletal muscles different?

Answer 8

They are different in structure, size, shape, and fibre arrangement.

Question 9

Skeletal muscle organs are composed of..?

Answer 9

Bundles of skeletal muscles fibres that generally extend the length of the muscle.

Question 10

Skeletal muscles consist of:

Answer 10

1) skeletal muscle tissue
2) connective tissue
3) nervous tissue components

Question 11

Tendon:

Answer 11

Fibrous muscle tissue attaches muscle to bone

Question 12

Aponeurosis:

Answer 12

Connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone or other muscle

Question 13

T/F Tendons are not often torn?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

A nerve cell transmits _____ to a skeletal muscle.

Answer 14

Impulses

Question 15

General rule:

Answer 15

The fewer the muscle fibre supplied, the more precise the movement the muscle produces.

Question 16

What is a sprain?

Answer 16

Injury to a ligament

Question 17

What is a ligament?

Answer 17

Connective tissue connecting bone to bone

Question 18

Tendon vs ligament

Answer 18

Tendon connects muscle to bone

Ligament connects bone to bone

Question 19

Functions of muscular system:

Answer 19

1) movement of the body
- Locomotion of its parts
2) heat production
- catabolism releasing energy from nutrients
3) posture
- makes sitting/standing possible

Question 20

Origin:

Answer 20

More fixed attachments; anchor of muscle

Question 21

Insertion:

Answer 21

More moveable attachment; moveable section of muscle

Question 22

T/F The muscular system needs a “balance of care” in order to maintain the vital functions of muscles.

Answer 22

True

The muscular system needs water, nutrition, rest, exercise, oxygen, age

Question 23

Why is water needed before exercise?

Answer 23

To avoid dehydration

Question 24

Why is water needed during exercise?

Answer 24

Due to loss via sweating

Question 25

Why is water needed after exercise?

Answer 25

Help the body cool down, helps flush out waste products

Question 26

Exercise:

Answer 26

Develop increased levels of power, strength, speed, endurance, and flexibility.

Question 27

Age:

Answer 27

Muscles weaken with age and lack of activity. This contributes to the formation of lines, wrinkles and dropped contours as weakened muscles are less able to resist the pull of gravity.

Question 28

Anatomical position:

Answer 28

Posture with face and toes directed forward, palms forward and heels and toes together.

Question 29

Anterior vs posterior:

Answer 29

Anterior: (ventral/front) near front of the body Posterior: (dorsal/back) near back of the body

Question 30

Superior vs inferior:

Answer 30

Superior: (above) toward the head/ upper part Inferior: (below) toward the feet/ lower part

Question 31

Proximal vs distal:

Answer 31

Proximal: nearer to the trunk/point of origin (centre of the body) Distal: father from the trunk/ point of origin *Farthest from centre or point of attachment*

Question 32

Terms of movement: | Flexion

Answer 32

Bending; reduction of the angle between bone and body parts

Question 33

Terms of movement: | Extension

Answer 33

Straighten; increasing the angle between bones and body parts

Question 34

Terms of movement: | Abduction

Answer 34

Movement away from median plane

Question 35

Terms of movement: | Adduction

Answer 35

Movement toward the median plane

Question 36

Body positions: | Prone

Answer 36

Lying face down

Question 37

Body positions: | Suprine

Answer 37

Lying face up

Question 38

Muscles of the scalp: | Occipitofrontalis

Answer 38

Function: raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead horizontally. (Expression of concentration or surprise)

Question 39

``` Muscles of the eyebrows: Orbicularis Ocul(i) ```

Answer 39

Function: closes the eye. Contributed to fine lines that appear at eyes. (I.e. crows feet)

Question 40

Muscles of the eyebrows: | Corrugator

Answer 40

Function: Wrinkles forehead vertically. Draws eyebrows down and in.

Question 41

Muscles of the nose: | Procerus

Answer 41

Function: wrinkles skin over bridge of nose

Question 42

Muscles of chewing: | Masseter

Answer 42

Function: closes jaw or mouth, clenches teeth, chewing

Question 43

Muscles of chewing: | Temporalis

Answer 43

Function: closes jaw, clenches teeth, retracts lower jaw

Question 44

Muscles of the mouth: | Levator Labii Superioris

Answer 44

Function: raises upper lip, dilates nostrils

Question 45

Muscles of the mouth: | Depressor Labii Inferioris

Answer 45

Function: draws lower lip downward

Question 46

Muscles of the mouth: | Baccinator

Answer 46

Function: permit smoking and blowing as in playing a trumpet or whistling. Helping with chewing.

Question 47

Muscles of the mouth: | Orbicularis Oris

Answer 47

Function: closes and puckers lips, as in kissing or whistling

Question 48

Muscles of the mouth: | Zygomaticus

Answer 48

Function: responsible for lifting the mouth and cheeks as we laugh.

Question 49

Muscles of shoulder & arm: | Trapezius

Answer 49

Raises should and pulls it back, moves head to either side

Question 50

Muscles of the shoulder & arm: | Deltoid

Answer 50

Assists in the movement at the shoulder joints, lifting the arms up, back and forwards

Question 51

Muscles of the shoulder & arm: | Bicep Bracchii

Answer 51

Assists in the movement of the forearm, turn palms of hand out and bend elbow

Question 52

Muscles of the shoulder & arm: | Tricep Bracchii

Answer 52

Extension of the arm at elbow

Question 53

T/F There are no muscles in the fingers.

Answer 53

True

Question 54

Extrinsic:

Answer 54

Muscles are external to hand and activate stronger movements

Question 55

Intrinsic:

Answer 55

Muscles located in the hand (not finger) and control finer movements

Question 56

How does origin and insertion relate to massage?

Answer 56

The direction of pressure is from insertion to origin.

Question 57

What is a strain?

Answer 57

Damage to the muscle or it’s tendon

Question 57

What assists with chewing?

Answer 57

Baccinator