N Flashcards
(72 cards)
refers to the forces exerted on a group that push its
members closer together
Group Cohesiveness
process
whereby the presence of others
enhances performance on easy
tasks but impairs performance
on diffi cult tasks.
Social Facilitation
The proposition that the mere
presence of others is suffi cient
to produce social facilitation
effects.
Mere Presence Theory
A theory that the
presence of others will produce
social facilitation effects only
when those others are seen as
potential evaluators
Evaluation Apprehension Theory
A theory that the presence
of others will produce social
facilitation effects only when
those others distract from the
task and create attentional
confl ict.
Distraction Theory
The theory that individuals
will exert effort on a collective
task to the degree that they
think their individual efforts
will be important, relevant,
and meaningful for achieving
outcomes that they value.
Collective Effort Model
The loss of a
person’s sense of individuality
and the reduction of normal
constraints against deviant
behavior.
Deindividuation
A model of group behavior
that explains deindividuation
effects as the result of a shift
from personal ident
Social identity model of
deindividuation effects (SIDE)
The reduction
in group performance due to
obstacles created by group
processes, such as problems of
coordination and motivation.
Process Loss
People brainstorming
as a group come up
with a greater number
of better ideas than
the same number
of people working
individually
T or F?
False
A technique
that attempts to increase
the production of creative
ideas by encouraging group
members to speak freely without
criticizing their own or others’
contributions.
Brainstorming
The
exaggeration of initial
tendencies in the thinking
of group members through
group discussion.
Group Polarization
Group members’
attitudes about a
course of action
usually become more
moderate after group
discussion.
T or F
False
A group decision-
making style characterized by an
excessive tendency among group
members to seek concurrence.
Group Thinking
The condition
in which commitments to a
failing course of action are
increased to justify investments
already made.
Escalation Effect
The tendency
for groups to spend more time
discussing shared information
(information already known by
all or most group members)
than unshared information
(information known by only one
or a few group members).
Biased Sampling
A
shared system for remembering
information that enables multiple
people to remember information
together more effi ciently than
they could do so alone.
Transactive Memory
r group decision support systems), these programs help remove com-
munication barriers and provide structure and incentives for group
discussions and decisions
Group Support System
A situation in
which a self-interested choice by
everyone will create the worst
outcome for everyone.
Social Dilemma
A type
of dilemma in which one party
must make either cooperative
or competitive moves in relation
to another party. The dilemma
is typically designed so that the
competitive move appears to be
in one’s self-interest, but if both
sides make this move, they both
suffer more than if they had both
cooperated.
Prisoner’s Dilemma
Social
dilemmas involving how two or
more people will share a limited
resource.
Resource Dilemma
Large groups are
more likely than small
groups to exploit a
scarce resource that the
members collectively
depend on
True
.
.
A
negotiated resolution to a
confl ict in which all parties
obtain outcomes that are
superior to what they would
have obtained from an equal
division of the contested
resources.
Integrative Agreement
