N110 Week 3

Question 1

compassion fatigue

Answer 1

feeling stretched, overwhelmed, frustrated, unappreciated, and resentful

Question 2

What are 6 guidelines to develop and maintain work-life balance?

Answer 2

1. Take personal responsibility for your health
2. Identify and decrease stressors in your personal and professional life
3. Set realistic goals and expectations for yourself
4. Give yourself permission to relax
5. Be a person of encouragement to yourself
6. Challenge yourself intellectually. Try to learn something new everyday

Question 3

Critical Thinking

Answer 3

a process by which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully taking charge of the structures inherent in thinking and imposing intellectual standards upon them

Question 4

Name 5 characteristics of Critical Thinking

Answer 4

1. Raises questions and problem and formulates them clearly and precisely
2. Gather and assesses relevant information
3. Arrives at conclusion and solutions that are well-reasoned and tests them against relevant standards
4. Is open-minded and recognizes alternative ways of seeing things
5. Communicates effectively with others as solution to complex problems are formulated

Question 5

Reflective Thinking

Answer 5

paying attention to own thinking processes after the nurse-patient interaction has ended

Question 6

Ethics

Answer 6

viewed as systems of valued behavior & beliefs, serve purpose of governing conduct

Question 7

nurses are guided by the ethical principles of ____, _____ and _____ to guide their actions

Answer 7

autonomy, beneficence, and justice

Question 8

What is Nursing’s Professional Responsibilities?

Answer 8

Accountability
Trust
Advocacy
Social Policy Statement (ANA)
Code of Ethics (ANA )

Question 9

What are the 9 provisions of nursing code of ethics?

Answer 9

1. practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every individual
2. primary commitment is to the patient
3. promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety, and rights of the patient
4. responsible and accountable for individual nursing practice
5. same duties to self as to others
6. participates in establishing, maintaining, and improving health care environments
7. advancement of the profession
8. collaborates with other health professionals
9. maintaining the integrity of the profession

Question 10

What is Nursing’s Social Policy Statement?

Answer 10

nursing’s responsibilities and the social contract between society and the profession

Question 11

Values

Answer 11

Attitudes, ideals, or beliefs that an individual holds true and gives meaning to one’s life (are highly subjective)

Question 12

Discomfort

Answer 12

when choices & decisions conflict with a person’s values

Question 13

Values clarification

Answer 13

method for discovering one’s values and the importance of these values.

Question 14

1. Identify individual values of patients or others - ask
2. use reflection to restate the value (either verbalized or assessed) and make it explicit
3. identify value conflicts or conflicts between values and actions

Answer 14

Steps in value clarification communication;

Question 15

1. Established rules of conduct to be used in situations where decision about right and wrong must be made
2. Often learned and internalized
3. Typically in accordance with group’s norms, customs, traditions
4. Guide actions of individuals or social group

Answer 15

Morals

Question 16

Moral reasoning

Answer 16

a process in which maturation occurs over time as persons become more abstract in thinking and understanding of the world

Question 17

_________ is how a person learns to handle moral dilemmas from childhood to adulthood

Answer 17

Moral development

Question 18

What are the 6 ethical principles?

Answer 18

Autonomy
Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
Justice
Fidelity
Veracity

Question 19

1. Individual can choose those actions and goals that fulfill their life plans
2. “Do good”
3. “Do no Harm”
4. The duty to treat all fairly, distributing risks and benefits equally. Fairness based on perspective of least advantaged.
5. faithfulness. Honoring one’s promises
6. telling the truth. Not lying.

Answer 19

1. Autonomy
2. Beneficence
3. Nonmaleficence
4. Justice
5. Fidelity
6. Veracity

Question 20

_____ is when someone believes that they know what is best for another person who is competent to make their own autonomous decisions.

Answer 20

Paternalism

Question 21

What are the 6 steps in the Ethical Decision Making Model?

Answer 21

1. Clarify the ethical dilemma
2. Gather additional information
3. Identify options
4. Make a Decision
5. Act
6. Evaluate

Question 22

5 steps of nursing process (similar to 6 steps of ethical decision making model)

Answer 22

Assess
Analyze/ Diagnosis
Plan
Implement
Evaluate

Question 23

National Organizations such as:
-American Nurses Association (ANA)
-National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)
create standards of care that???

Answer 23

outline how a prudent practitioner would practice

Question 24

1. Legislative body in each state _____ and assigns authority to implement law to regulatory agencies and boards
2. Laws in form of professional practice acts
3. State Practice Act sets licensing standards for profession
4. Purpose of licensing is to protect the _____ , safety and welfare

Answer 24

1. sets practice law

4. public health

Question 25

_______ defines the nurse’s scope of practice based on the formal education and level of nurse licensure ______ defines nurse’s role Hospital rules and job description

Answer 25

The Nurse Practice Act | Scope of Practice

Question 26

What are the 4 main objectives of the Statutory Authority of State Nurse Practice Acts?

Answer 26

1. define practice of professional nursing in that State 2. sets minimum educational qualifications and other requirements for licensure 3. determines legal titles and abbreviations nurses may use 4. provides for disciplinary action of licensees for certain causes

Question 27

Who enforces the rules (state practice acts)?

Answer 27

State Board of Nursing Legal System Hospital Managers

Question 28

________ includes peer assistance to combat substance abuse as voluntary alternative to suspension or revocation of a license Also have alternative programs for nurses with mental health problems

Answer 28

Nursing Disciplinary Diversion Act (ANA, 1990)

Question 29

Malpractice

Answer 29

is violation of nurses professional duty to act with reasonable care and in good faith

Question 30

________ does not have to be intentional. Standard of care must be violated.

Answer 30

Malpractice

Question 31

_______ is doing something that should not | have been done. ________ is failing to do things that should have been done

Answer 31

commission | omission

Question 32

________ is a civil wrong causing injury or harm: a civil wrong (tort) causing injury or harm to another person or to property as the result of doing something or failing to provide a proper or reasonable level of care

Answer 32

Negligence

Question 33

________ is the failure to act as a reasonably prudent person would have acted in same circumstance

Answer 33

Negligence

Question 34

Standard of care reflects a basic minimum level of prudent care based on the ethical principle of _______.

Answer 34

nonmaleficence (do no harm)

Question 35

What are the wo requirements of a malpractice action?

Answer 35

1. The defendant (nurse) has specialized knowledge and skills 2. The defendant (nurse) causes the plaintiff's (patient) injury

Question 36

What four elements of a cause of action for negligence must be proved?

Answer 36

1. The professional (nurse) has assumed the duty of care (responsibility of care for patient) 2. The professional (nurse) breached the duty of care by failing to meet the standard of care 3. The failure of the professional (nurse) to meet the standard of care was the cause of injury 4. The injury is proved

Question 37

Describe common malpractice situations.

Answer 37

Failure to follow standards of care Failure to use equipment in responsible manner i.e. client falls, improper performance of treatment Failure to communicate Failure to document i.e. medication error Failure to assess and monitor Failure to act as a patient advocate

Question 38

For a nurse to be found negligent, _____, ______, _____ and _____ must be proved.

Answer 38

duty, breach, causation, and damages

Question 39

A client/provider relationship built on a collaborative path towards health is one way to ______ exposure to malpractice

Answer 39

decrease

Question 40

The _________ Encourages patients to consider which life-prolonging treatment options they desire and document their preferences in case they become incapable of participating in the decision making process

Answer 40

Patient Self Determination Act

Question 41

advance directive

Answer 41

Written instructions recognized by state law that describe preferences in regard to medical intervention

Question 42

What is the basic assumption of the Patient Self Determination Act?

Answer 42

-each person has legal and moral rights to informed consent about medical treatments with a focus on the person’s rights to choose (the ethical principle autonomy).

Question 43

What does the PSDA require of acute and long term care facilities that receive Medicare funding?

Answer 43

to document whether a person has completed an advance directive

Question 44

``` Under the Patient Self-Determination Act a Facility must (4).... ```

Answer 44

1. provide written information to all adult patients about their rights under state law 2. ensure institutional compliance with state laws on advance directives 3. provide education for staff and the community on advance directives 4. document in the medical record whether the patient has an advance directive

Question 45

How can nurses help patients and families understand the PSDA?

Answer 45

explain how it can assist them to have end-of-life-care they prefer

Question 46

How are legal problems prevented in nursing practice?

Answer 46

1. Practice in a safe setting 2. Communicate with other health professionals, patients, and families 3. Meet the standard of care 4. Carry and understand professional liability insurance 5. Promote positive interpersonal relationships