N2K

Question 0

The silk roads

Answer 0

Overland trade routes to Asia 
Marco Polo (from Venice): travelled to the east

Question 1

The Mongol Empire

Answer 1

13th century
Nomadic (do not stay in one place)
Started as a small pastoral (horseback/herders) tribe and expanded through Asia, Russia and Middle East.
Split off into four empires

Question 2

Mamluk Egypt

Answer 2

13th century
Halted Mongol expansion
Of Turkish decent.
They were recruited into Egypt as slaves because it was illegal for Muslims to enslave Muslims (Egyptians)

Question 3

The great plague/Black Death

Answer 3

Mostly 1340’s & 1350’s

Killed 75million

Question 4

The Byzantine empire

Answer 4

living extension of the romain empire; conquered in 15th century
Built city walls to defend themselves from enemies/rivals

Question 5

African Empires

Answer 5

Mali, Ethiopia, Zambezi

14th - 15th century

Question 6

Inca and Aztec Empires

Answer 6

Latin America: rise late 14th and early 15th century. Both inca and Aztec empires were amazing engineers.
Aztecs built the Mexican pyramids and chinampas (artificial islands created for crops)
Incas civilization was built in the highlands of Peru. They built the city of Machu Picchu in the Andean mountains.

Question 7

Ming dynasty

Answer 7

(1368-1644)
Threw off the Mongol controlled rulers
Controlled China for 300 years but never expanded their empire

Question 8

Portuguese Empire

Answer 8

First Global maritime empire; rise 15th & 16th century. Fall in 17th century.
Dominated trade between Asia and Europe and some trade within Asia and South America
Colonized Brazil and parts of Africa.

Question 9

Oceanic imperialism

Answer 9

Breakthroughs in 1490’s
Understanding of “trade winds” prevailing currents, and the Gulf Stream –> powerful Atlantic Ocean current that causes a North Atlantic drift (east coast North America - west coast Europe)

Question 10

Ottoman Empire

Answer 10

Turkish empire

Rise in 14th/15th century

Question 11

Mughal Empire

Answer 11

Persian empire extending over large parts of India.
Unlike the Mongols, the Persian empire did not stamp out local societies it came to rule, but rather changed administrative practices.

Question 12

Ecological exchanges

Answer 12

The 1500’s see the growth of international trade in goods and diseases

Question 13

British North America

Answer 13

16th century to present

Question 14

Spanish Empire

Answer 14

16th - 19th century
Ruled most of South-West America, and Mexico
Hernan Cortes conquered Mexico (Aztec empire)
Francisco Pizarro conquers the Inca empire of Peru
Atlantic navigation was divided between Spain and Portugal (Treaty of Tordesillas)

Question 15

Christian reformations

Answer 15

16th & 17th centuries

Emergence of Protestant churches in Northern Europe

Question 16

The Renaissance

Answer 16

Rebirth of knowledge (Italian city states)
Spread throughout Europe.
Revolutions in many intellectual pursuits.
Social and political upheaval.
Contributed to the development of diplomacy and science.

Question 17

Scientific Revolution

Answer 17

Scientific reasoning based on empirical evidence

Question 18

Stafavid Empire

Answer 18

(1501-1722)

Extended Persian influence in South Asia

Question 19

Tokugawa Japan

Answer 19

(1603-1868)

Limited trade; concerned about foreign influences.

Question 20

Qing Dynasty

Answer 20

1644-1912
Last imperial dynasty of China
Growth 17th/18th centuries
Challenges arose in the 19th century

Question 21

West african slave states

Answer 21

States that captured and traded slaves to Europeans

Question 22

Enlightenment

Answer 22

Philosophical movement of 18th century.

Skeptical of existing political and social beliefs

Question 23

Asian empires in decline

Answer 23

Loss of power and expansion in latter 18th century
Reached limits of expansion with technology available (China)
Poor leadership (in places)
Loss of revenue (ottomans)
Western pressure

Question 24

British Empire

Answer 24

Rise to global power status in 18th century • sea power

Question 25

American and French revolutions

Answer 25

Inspired by secular, liberal and democratic ideals which were institutionalized

Question 26

South American revolutions

Answer 26

Wars of independence in Latin America (starting early 19th century) Inspired by American and French revolutions *Simon Bolivar, Venezuela, 1821

Question 27

Capitalism

Answer 27

Economic system where trade and industry are privately owned and operated for profit *private property & capital accumulation

Question 28

Secularism

Answer 28

Government separated from religious institutions

Question 29

Liberalism

Answer 29

Principles of liberty, equality, freedom of speech, press and religion Economic principles of private property and free trade

Question 30

Population growth

Answer 30

Rapid rise in global population in 19th century

Question 31

Urbanization

Answer 31

Increased migration to cities in the 19th-20th centuries

Question 32

Industrialization

Answer 32

Shift to manufacturing in factories, mills, etc Wage labour Rural to urban migration

Question 33

Militarization

Answer 33

``` Countries build armies and collect armaments to prepare for war Military culture (Israel?) ```

Question 34

Centralization

Answer 34

Organization & planning become located in one place | Power in national capitals

Question 35

Bureaucratization

Answer 35

Increase in departmentalization of government Specialization Organized ways to make systems more efficient

Question 36

Nationalism

Answer 36

Identification of a particular group of people with common bonds (language, race, ideas) Ethnic similarities Tradition > Law

Question 37

Imperialism

Answer 37

The expansion of influence through military force, trade and/or colonization

Question 38

Global empires

Answer 38

19th & 20th century when empires (mostly European) had a global reach Grew through an increase of transportation opportunities

Question 39

Constitutionalism

Answer 39

The primacy of a contrition (laws, articles) that define a nation Gives citizens ultimate power; limits government.

Question 40

Racism

Answer 40

Ideas of racial grouping based o. Pseudoscientific theories (late 19tj, early 20th centuries)

Question 41

World War I

Answer 41

1914-1918 Global war Marked the decline of European power and influence Led to popularity of more radical ideologies

Question 42

Fascism

Answer 42

Strongly nationalistic (often racist) Industry and labour regulated by government Opposition suppressed or eliminated "Nationalism on steroids"

Question 43

Genocide

Answer 43

Systematic and planned mass mytder of a national, cultural or religions groups. Normalization of killing Industrialized killings Carefully planned with bureaucratic means

Question 44

Socialism

Answer 44

Economy is state owned or managed by a central authority | Usually emphasizes equality and (re)distribution of wealth

Question 45

World War II

Answer 45

Global war that killed 60 million people Defeat of fascist "empire states" of Germany & Japan Left global power split between soviet USSR & USA and respective allies

Question 46

Individualism

Answer 46

Theory that the individual freedom is as important as the welfare of the community

Question 47

Counter culture

Answer 47

Culture of rebellion and rejection of Norms | Amidst time of plenty; late 1960s & 70s

Question 48

Decolonization

Answer 48

The European powers slow yielding of control of their empires (post WWII)

Question 49

Environmentalism

Answer 49

Movement to raise awareness of industrial society's damage to the natural world

Question 50

Latest age of globalization

Answer 50

The world post-1989 "The development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free trade, fee flow of capital and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets" -- Merriam Webster

Question 51

"Chimerica"

Answer 51

The interesting relationship of interdependence and rivalry between America and China

Question 52

Lee Kuan Yew

Answer 52

PM of Singapore, 1959-1990 "the grand master"