N4 Grammar Flashcards

(182 cards)

1
Q

おもたそだね。てつだおうか?

A

That looks heavy. Shall I give you a hand?

volition form (てつだう -> てつだおう)

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2
Q

もう11時だ。早く寝よう

寝る(ねる)

A

It’s already 11 pm, let’s hurry and sleep.

volition form (ねる -> ねよう)

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3
Q

かれは今学校にいるはずだ

A

He should be in school right now.

いる+はずぐ (should be/ must be)

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4
Q

彼女の話は本当のはずがない

かのじょのはなしはほんとうのはずがない。

A

Her story can’t be true.

本当 (N) + はずがない (can’t be/ should not be)

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5
Q

明日はれるかどうかしらない。

A

I don’t know if it will be clear tomorrow.

かどうか (whether or not)

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6
Q

行くかどうか後で電話で知らせます。

いくかどうかあとででんわでしらせます。

A

Whether I go or not, I’ll let you know later by phone.

かどうか (whether or not)

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7
Q

名前を書いたかどうか、もういちどうチェックしてください。

A

Please check again whether you wrote your name or not.

かどうか (whether or not)

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8
Q

このやさいは、生のまま食べてもおいしいですよ。

A

These vegetables taste good even raw.

N+の+まま (as it is/ without changing/ current state)

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9
Q

どうぞくつのまま、お入りください。

A

Please enter with your shoes on.

N+の+まま (as it is/ without changing/ current state)
お~ください (please ~)

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10
Q

べんきょうしたまま寝てしまった。

寝る(ねる)

A

I fell asleep while studying.

Verb (たform) +まま (as it is/ without changing/ current state)

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11
Q

歩きながら話しましょう。

A

Let’s talk while walking.

ながら (while, during)

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12
Q

ギターをひきながら歌えますか。

A

Can you sing while playing the guitar?

ながら (while, during)

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13
Q

おんがくを聞きながら料理します。

料理 (りょうり)

A

I listen to music while I cook.

ながら (while, during)

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14
Q

電車は5分おきに走っています。

A

This train runs every 5 minutes.

おきに (repeated intervals/ every)

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15
Q

このくすりは2時間おきに飲んでください。

A

Please take this medecine every 2 hours.

おきに (repeated intervals/ every)

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16
Q

あまいものばかり食べる太ります。

A

If you eat only sweets, you will gain weight.

ばかり (only, nothing but~) / と (whenever [A] happens, [B] also happens)

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17
Q

このカフェのおきゃくさんは女性ばかりですね。

A

This cafe’s customers are all girls.

ばかり (only, nothing but~)

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18
Q

あなたに合うだけで元気になる。

A

I get energetic just from meeting you.

だけで (just by)

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19
Q

二人だけで少し話がしたい。

A

I want to talk just the two of us.

だけで (just by)

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20
Q

明日はきっと雨でしょう。

A

It will certainly rain tomorrow, right?

きっと (surely, most likely, undoubtedly)

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21
Q

がんばってべんきょうしたから、きっと明日のテストは大丈夫だよ。

A

You studied really hard, so I’m sure the test tomorrow will be fine.

きっと (surely, most likely, undoubtedly)

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22
Q

コーヒーまたはお茶からおえらびください。

A

Please choose from coffee or tea.

または (both, or, choice between [A] or [B])

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23
Q

日本語または英語で話せます。

A

I can speak in both Japanese or English.

または (both, or, choice between [A] or [B])

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24
Q

私はノート、ぺんなどがひつようだ。

A

I need things like notebooks and pens.

など ( such as, things like) / がひつよう (need necessary)

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25
私はとても車**など**は買えない。
I can't afford a car or anything like that. | など ( such as, things like)
26
この質問にはこたえ**にくい**です。
This question is difficult to answer. | verb (stem) (-ます)+にくい difficult to
27
この自転車は古くてのり**にくい**です。 | 古くて (ふるくて)
This bicycle is old and difficult to ride. | verb (stem) (-ます)+にくい difficult to
28
**急に**雨がふりはじめました。
It suddenly started raining. | 急に suddenly, quickly, abruptly, unexpectedly
29
その子は**急に**なき出した。
That child suddenly started crying. | 急に suddenly, quickly, abruptly, unexpectedly
30
**さっき**まで天気はよかったですが、今は大雨です。
The weather was fine a moment ago but now there's heavy rain. | さっき some time ago. just now
31
**さっき**おき**たばかり**で、まだねむいです。
I just woke up, but I am still sleepy. | さっき some time ago. just now / たばかり just occured
32
その**ようだ**。
It seems to be that way. | ようだ appears, seems, looks as if
33
今日はさむくなる**ようだ**。
It looks like it will become cold. | ようだ appears, seems, looks as if
34
見える**ように**、このパソコンはとても古いですがまだ使われている。
As you can see, this computer is very old but it's still being used. | ように/ような like, as, similar to
35
にほんごで新聞が読める**ように**、かんじのべんきょうをしています。
I'm studying Kanji so that I can read the newspaper in Japanese. | ように/ような like, as, similar to
36
毎日れんしゅうすれば、泳げる**ようになります**。
If you practice everyday, you'll eventually be able to swim. | ようになる to reach the point that, to come to be that
37
たくさんべんきょうしたので、日本語を話せる**ようになりました**。
I studied a lot and became able to speak Japanese. | ようになる to reach the point that, to come to be that
38
明日から仕事に行く前に毎日ラニングをする**ようにします**。
From tomorrow, I am going to try to go running before work every day. | ようにする to try to, to make sure that
39
今日からおさけを飲まない**ようにします**。
I'm not going to drink alcohol anymore from today. | ようにする to try to, to make sure that
40
私はそこに行**こうとは思わない**。
I would never think of going there. | ようと思う thinking of doing, planning to
41
こんどの休みに海へ行**こうと思う**。
I think I will go to the beach during my next holiday. | ようと思う thinking of doing, planning to
42
日本にりゅうがく**しょうと思っています**。
I'm thinking to go study abroad in Japan. | ようと思う thinking of doing, planning to
43
**ぜひ**その映画を見るべきです。
You must really go see that movie. | ぜひ by all means, certainly, definitely
44
かのじょは**ぜひ**そこへ行きたいといった。
She said she was eager to go there. | ぜひ by all means, certainly, definitely
45
**ぜひ**、こんど家へあそびに来てください。
Definitely come over to hang out next time. | ぜひ by all means, certainly, definitely
46
かれは日本人ですが、かんじを**全然**書けない。
Although he is Japanese, he can't write any Kanji. | 全然 (ぜんぜん)not at all
47
ケーキを作るなんて**全然**できない。
There's no way I can make a cake. | 全然 (ぜんぜん)not at all
48
この質問には答え**づらい**です。
This question is difficult to answer. | づらい difficult to do
49
このみちは狭くて、車も多いので、うんてんし**づらい**です。
This road is narrow, and there's a lot of cars, so it's difficult to drive on. | づらい difficult to do
50
先生の声が聞き**やすい**です。
The teacher's voice is easy to hear. | やすい easy to, likely to, prone to
51
ひらがなはかんじより書き**やすい**です。
Hiragana is easier to write than kanji. | やすい easy to, likely to, prone to
52
私は**やっと**家に帰ることできる。
I can finally return home. | やっと at last, finally, barely (less common)
53
社長の長い話が**やっと**終わった。
The president's long story finally ended. | やっと at last, finally, barely (less common)
54
先月**より**日本語が上手になりますね。
Compared to last month, you japanese has improved. | より than, rather than
55
さいきん、円はドル**より**やすいです。
Lately, the yen is cheaper than the dollard. | より than, rather than
56
私は友だちとあそぶ**予定だった**。
I was planning to hang out with my friends. | 予定だ(よていだ)plan to, intend to
57
7月の終わりにドイツへ酋長する**予定です**。
I am planning to go on a business trip to Germany at the end of July. | 予定だ(よていだ)plan to, intend to
58
サイクリングをしている**間**、ずっと雨がふっていました。
It rained the entire time I was cycling. | 間 (あいだ)while, during, between
59
食事**の間**、かのじょといっしょに映画を見ました。
While eating dinner, I watched a movie with my girlfriend.
60
日本にいる**間に**、日本語が上手になりたいです。
I want to get good at Japanese while I'm in Japan. | 間に while, during ~ something happened
61
先生がいない**間に**スマホを見ていた。
I looked at my smartphone while the teacher was gone. | 間に while, during ~ something happened
62
日本語が**あまり**分から**ない**。
I don't really understand Japanese. | あまり~ない not really
63
かれは**あまり**速く走ることができ**ない**。
He can't run very fast. | あまり~ない not really
64
火事の**場合は**、119をかけます
In the event of a fire, call 119. | 場合は(ばあいは)in the event of, in the case that
65
パスワードを忘れた**場合は**、こちらからご連絡ください。 | パスワードをわすれたばあいは、こちらからごれんらくください。
If you forget your password, please contact us here. | 場合は(ばあいは)in the event of, in the case that
66
雨が急に**ふり出した**。
It suddenly started raining. 出す suddenly begin | 急に suddenly, quickly, abruptly, unexpectedly / 出す suddenly begin
67
彼の話を聞いて、**つい笑い出してしまった**。 | かれのはなしをきいて、ついわらいだしてしまった。
I burst out laughing when I heard his story. | 出す suddenly begin
68
お釣**でございます**。 | おつりでございます。
Here is your change. | でございます (honorific) to be
69
婦人の服の売り場は3階**でございます**。 | ふじんのふくのうりばは3かいでございます。
Women's clothing is on the 3rd floor. | でございます (honorific) to be
70
晩ご飯ならサラダ**でも**作りましょうか?
Should I make a salad for dinner? | でも something like...
71
寒いから、暖かいもの**でも**飲みませんか。
It's a bit cold so why don't we get something warm to drink? | でも something like...
72
すばらしい天気**ではないか**。
What wonderful weather we're having, eh? | ではないか right? isn't it?
73
明日は雨**ではないか**と思う。
I think it will rain tomorrow. | ではないか right? isn't it? / と思う to think…; I think…; you think…
74
サッカーを練習する場所**が必要**です。
I need a place to practice soccer. | が必要 (がひつよう)need, necessary
75
私は少し考える時間**が必要**です。
I need some time to think it over. | が必要 (がひつよう)need, necessary
76
このフルーツはどんな味**がする**?
What kind of flavor does this fruit have? | がする to smell, hear, taste
77
人の声**がする**。
I can hear someone's voice. | がする to smell, hear, taste
78
彼女は怖**がり**だからホラー映画はダメだ。
She tends to scare easily so horror movies are not good. | がり has a tendency to, personality
79
彼は強がりだけど、優しい心の人です。
He acts tough, but he has a kind heart. | がり has a tendency to, personality
80
恥ずかし**がらないで**、前に出てきてください。
Please don't feel shy and come up to the front. | がる show signs of, appear to feel
81
彼は彼女がほし**がる**バッグを買ってあげた。
He bought her the bag she wanted. | がる show signs of, appear to feel
82
ご質問は**ございます**か。
Are there any questions? | ございます humble version of ある、いる
83
私はまだ夕食を**作り始めていない**。
I still haven't started cooking dinner. | 始める(はじめる)to start to, to begin
84
私は今年から働き始めたばかりです。
I just started working from this year. | 始める(はじめる)to start to, to begin
85
外は寒い**かな**。
I wonder if it's cold outside. | かな I wonder
86
そろそろ勉強しよう**かな**。
I guess I should start studying soon. | かな I wonder
87
本当**かしら**。
I wonder if that's true. | かしら I wonder (feminine)
88
私はこの**ころ**とても忙しいのです。
I am very busy these days. | ころ/ごろ around, about, when (time)
89
夜の8時**ごろ**、うちに来てもらえるか?
Can you come by my place around eight p.m.? | ころ/ごろ around, about, when (time)
90
まだ終わってないの**かい**?
Aren’t you finished yet? | かい turns a sentence into a yes/no question
91
失礼**いたします**。
Excuse me. (entering) | いたします to do (polite)
92
5千円からお預かり**いたします**。3千円のおつりでございます。 | お預かり (おあずかり)
Here’s your change of 3,000 yen out of 5,000 yen. | いたします to do (polite)
93
来週、台風が来る**かもしれない**。
A typhoon is possibly coming next week. | かもしれない might, indicates possibility
94
病気**かもしれない**。
I might be sick... | かもしれない might, indicates possibility
95
医者は彼にタバコをやめる**必要がある**と言った。
The doctor told him that he needs to quit smoking. | 必要がある(ひつようがある)need to, it is necessary to ## Footnote いしゃはかれにタバコをやめるひつようがあるといった。
96
私の弟は今日学校に行く**必要がない**。
My younger brother doesn't need to go to school today. | 必要がある(ひつようがある)need to, it is necessary to
97
明日のパーティーに**いらっしゃいますか**。
Will you go to the party tomorrow? | いらっしゃる polite version of to be, to come, to go
98
校長先生は図書館に**いらっしゃいます**。
The headmaster is in the library. | いらっしゃる polite version of to be, to come, to go
99
今夜外食しよう**じゃないか**。
Let's go out for dinner tonight, shall we? | じゃないか right? isn't it?
100
だから言った**じゃないか**!
I told you so! (didn't I?) | じゃないか right? isn't it?
101
酒は米**で作る**。 | Sake
Sake is made from rice. | から作る/で作る made from
102
このつくえは木**で作られています**。
This desk was made from wood. | から作る/で作る made from
103
私の趣味は料理を作る**こと**です。
My hobby is cooking. | こと verb nominalizer
104
毎日ウォーキングをする**こと**にしている。
I go walking every day. | こと verb nominalizer
105
彼女の妹は英語が得意**だそうです**。
Her younger sister is apparently really good at English. | なadj + だ +そうです I heard that...
106
彼は仕事をやめる**そうだ**。
I heard that he will be quitting his job. | V+そうだ I heard that...
107
そろそろ雨がやみ**そう**なので、もう少し待ちましょう。
It seems like the rain is going to stop soon, so let's wait a little bit more. | そう appears like, looks like
108
わぁ、おいし**そう**な料理がたくさんありますね。
Wow, there's a lot of really good looking food here! | そう appears like, looks like
109
あなたに家に来**てほしくない**。
I don't want you to come to my house. | Vてほしくない I don't want you to
110
先生には、もっとゆっくり話し**てほしいです**。
I wish the teacher would speak more slowly. | てほしいです I want you to
111
いつ**までに**必要ですか。
When do you need this by? | までに by, by the time, indicates time limit
112
この本、来週**までに**返してくださいね。
Please return this book by next week. | までに by, by the time, indicates time limit
113
「宿題したの?」 「ちょうど今からする**ところ**ですよ。」
"Did you do your homework?" "I'm about to start now." | ところ just about to, on the verge of doing
114
「昼ごはんはもう食べましたか。」 「いいえ、これから食べる**ところ**です。」
"Have you eaten luch already?" "Nope, I'm about to eat from now." | ところ just about to, on the verge of doing
115
彼は英語だけじゃなくて、中国語**とか**スペイン語**とか**も話せるんだよ。
He not only speaks English, but can also speak Chinese, Spanish, etc.. | ~とか~とか such as, among other things
116
このイベントでは、バーベキュー**とか**ゲーム**とか**をします。
At this event we will do things like barbecue and play games. | ~とか~とか such as, among other things
117
みんな早く帰り**たがっている**のに、部長の話が長くてなかなか帰れません。
Although everyone wants to head home early, the section manager talks for a long time and nobody can leave.. | たがる wants to (3rd pers.) / のに although
118
息子はアニメを見**たがっています**が、宿題が終わっていないので、見させません。
My son wants to watch anime, but he hasn't finished his homework, so I won't let him watch it.. | たがる wants to (3rd pers.)
119
私の地元は6月でも寒い**ことがある**。 | 地元 hometown
In my hometown there are times where it is cold even in June. | ことがある there are times when
120
普段は母がご飯を作りますが、私が作る**こともあります**。 | 普段 (fudan) usually
My mother usually cooks, but there are times when I do as well. | ことがある there are times when
121
このナイフはどんなものでも切る**ことができる**よ。
This knife can cut through anything. | ことができる can, able to
122
ここからは山を見る**ことができます**。
You can see the mountains from here. | ことができる can, able to
123
どうしてそれを学ぶ**ことになった**の?
How did you come to learn that? | ことになる It has been decided that, turns out
124
私の母が入院する**ことになった**。 | 入院 (にゅういん) hospitalisation
My mother has been hospitalized. | ことになる It has been decided that, turns out
125
寝る前に食べない**ことにした**。
I've decided to stop eating before going to bed. | ことにする to decide on
126
タバコをやめる**ことにした**。
I've decided to quit smoking. | ことにする to decide on
127
お父さんがそろそろ家に帰る**はずだ**。
Father should be returning home anytime now. | はずだ it must be; it should be (expectation)
128
今日は祝日だから、銀行は休み**のはずだ**。
Today is a national holiday, so surely the banks are closed. | はずだ it must be; it should be (expectation)
129
彼女の話は本当の**はずがない**。
Her story can't be true. | はずがない can't be (impossible)
130
彼はそんなことを言う**はずがない**。
He would never say such a thing. | はずがない can't be (impossible)
131
あと500円安**くして**くれたら、買いますよ。
I'll buy it if you make it 500 yen cheaper. | いadj-くする make something ~
132
彼女は声を**大きくした**。
She raised her voice. | いadj-くする make something ~
133
外は、夏**みたいだ**よ。
It's like summer outside. | みたいだ like; similar to; resembling ~
134
あの人は、日本人みたいですね。
That person seems like they are Japanese. | みたいだ like; similar to; resembling ~
135
私は、今日**みたいな**日が好きだ。
I like days like today. | みたいな like, similar (before N)
136
彼女は男**みたいな**歩き方をする。
She walks like a man. | みたいな like, similar (before N)
137
私はお母さん**みたいに**なりたい。
I want to become like my mother. | みたいに like similar (before Adj/Noun)
138
子ども**みたいに**遊んだ。 | 遊んだ。- あそんだ。
I played like a kid. | みたいに like similar (before Adj/Noun)
139
田中さんは1日に5回**も**食事をするそうだ。
I heard Tanaka eats as many as 5 meals everyday. | も as many as; as much as; up to; nearly ~ / そうだ I heard that
140
土曜日は12時間**も**寝てしまいました。
On Saturday I slept for nearly 12 hours. | も as many as; as much as; up to; nearly ~
141
晩ごはんの前にデザートを食べる**な**。
Don't eat dessert before dinner! | な don’t ~ (order somebody to not do something)
142
運転をするなら飲む**な**。 | 運転 うんてん
If you're going to drive, don't drink. | な don’t ~ / なら in the case that~
143
火が**なかなか**燃え**ない**。 | 燃えない / もえない
The fire won't burn. | なかなか~ない not easy to, not be able to
144
さっきコーヒーを飲んだせいで、**なかなか**寝られ**ません**。
Because I drank coffee a little while ago, I can't seem to fall asleep. | なかなか~ない not easy to, not be able to / さっき some time ago, just now
145
あのドラマ**なら**まだ見ていない。
If you're talking about that drama, I still haven't seen it. | なら in the case that~, if
146
明日、学校に行くから、早く寝**なさい**!
You've got school tomorrow so hurry up and go to bed. | なさい do this (soft/firm command)
147
次の質問を見て、ここに答えなさい!
Look at the next problem and put your answer here. | なさい do this (soft/firm command)
148
母にセーターを買っ**てあげた**。
I bought my mother a sweater. | てあげる (te ageru) to do for; to do a favor
149
いいよ,私がやっ**てあげる**よ。
No problem, I'll do it for you. | てあげる (te ageru) to do for; to do a favor
150
あなたにぜひ見**てもらいたい**ものがある。
There's something I want you to look at. | てもらう (te morau) to get somebody to do something
151
母に車で送っ**てもらった**。 | 送って (おくって)
I had my mom drive me there. | てもらう (te morau) to get somebody to do something
152
お弁当を作っ**ておいた**よ。 | お弁当 (おべんと)
I made your bento (lunch box) already. | ておく to do something in advance
153
旅行の前に切符を買っ**ておきます**。 | 旅行(りょこう)/ 切符(きっぷ)
I will buy the tickets before the trip. | ておく to do something in advance
154
明日までに宿題をしちゃいます。
I will finish my homework by tomorrow. | てしまう / ちゃう to do something by accident, to finish completely
155
ごめん!ジュースを全部飲んじゃった!
Sorry, I drank all the juice! | てしまう / ちゃう to do something by accident, to finish completely
156
日本語は**そんなに**難しくないよ。 | 難しい(むずかしい)
Japanese is not that difficult.. | そんなに so much; so; like that
157
私のことが**そんなに**大切なの?
Do I really mean that much to you? | そんなに so much; so; like that
158
昨日、トム**という**人に会いました。
Yesterday, I met a person called Tom. | と言う(という)called; named; that ~
159
英語で「宿題」は、なん**といいます**か?
How do you say "shukudai" (homework) in English? | と言う(という)called; named; that ~
160
まだ20時な**のに**、とても眠い。
I'm really tired even though it's still only 8PM. | のに although. in spite of, even though~
161
なぜ、彼らは冬な**のに**泳ぐのでしょうか?
Why will they swim even though it's winter? | のに although. in spite of, even though~
162
家に帰る**のに**3時間かかりました。
It took 3 hours to return home. | のに in order to~, to (do something)
163
勉強する**のに**、それが必要だ。 | 勉強 べんきょう。必要 ひつよう。
I need it to study. | のに in order to~, to (do something)
164
背の高**さ**はどれぐらいですか? | 背(せ)
How tall are you? | さ -ness, nominalizer
165
私は、ワサビの辛**さ**が大好きです。 | 辛 (から) spicy
I love the spiciness of wasabi. | さ -ness, nominalizer
166
お金があ**ったら**、旅行します。 | 旅行(りょうこう)
If I had money, I would go travel. | たら if, after, when
167
一口食べ**たら**、きっと好きになるよ。 | 一口(ひとくち)one bite
Taste one bite, and you will surely like it! | たら if, after, when / きっと surely
168
安**かったら**、パソコンを買いたいです。
If it's cheap, I'd like to buy a computer. | いadj+かったら if, after, when
169
一緒に来**たらどう**ですか? | 一緒に(いっしょに)
How about coming together with us? | たらどう how about~, why don't you
170
彼に電話し**たらどう**ですか。
Why don't you give him a call? | たらどう how about~, why don't you
171
どうし**たらいいですか**?
What should I do? | たらいいですか what should I do?
172
どこに行っ**たらいいですか**。
Where should I go? | たらいいですか what should I do?
173
きれい**だと思わない**?
Don't you think it's beautiful? | なadj+だ+と思う to think, I think, you think
174
今日は午後から雨が降る**と思います**。
I think it will rain today from the afternoon. | V+と思う to think, I think, you think
175
このぼうしは私には小さ**すぎます**。
This hat is too small for me. | すぎる too much of something
176
父からもらった自転車を今も使い**続けています**。 | 使い(つかい)use
I still use the bicycle that my father gave to me even now. | 続ける(つづけるう)to continue
177
一週間雨が降り続けた。
It kept raining for a full week. | 続ける(つづけるう)to continue
178
彼女は電車の中にカサを忘れたこと**に気がついた**。 | 忘れた (わすれた)
She realized she had left her umbrella inside the train. | に気がつく to realise, to notice
179
私があなたのメール**に気がついた**のが昨日でした。
Yesterday was when I noticed your email. | に気がつく to realise, to notice
180
同じ**に見える。**
They look the same. | に見える to look, to appear
181
寝てないよう**に見える**。
You look like you didn't sleep much. | に見える to look, to appear
182